Female Charcters in Fairy Tales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Female Charcters in Fairy Tales - Essay Example Not all concur with the case that conventional fantasies, for example, â€Å"Cinderella† decidedly depict females. Pollitt keeps up that it is for all intents and purposes difficult to run over a fantasy in which ladies are depicted as â€Å"active, bold and determined.† Instead, in the realm of fantasies, Pollitt (1995, p. 479) keeps up that females â€Å"blend flawlessly into the energized oat commercials.† Indeed, these comments are totally relevant to the Disney film renditions of â€Å"Cinderella,† â€Å"Snow White,† and â€Å"Sleeping Beauty,† among others. In none of these motion pictures do the female characters concede to any activity or even try to shield themselves. Cinderella’s single demonstration of resistance was to go to the ball without her stepmother’s information yet with her pixie back up parent's authorization and security. This demonstration is rarely rehashed. In the shoe-fitting scene, she waits and doesn 't approach until she is squeezed to by Palace authorities. This is a definitive in aloofness since she realized that were she just to step forward, as long as she can remember would change. She doesn't, in any case, and this in itself, proves the way that the course and heading of her life are molded by others and not act naturally. Therefore, inside the setting of Disney’s film forms of mainstream fantasies as â€Å"Cinderella,† one can securely state the commonness of negative sex generalizations. The negative sexual orientation generalizations which crowds can identify in Disney’s â€Å"Cinderella† were not forced upon the film by the fantasy itself.... The negative sexual orientation generalizations which crowds can recognize in Disney's Cinderella were not forced upon the film by the fantasy itself, since, in none of its renditions are females portrayed in this frail, uninvolved and dormant way. In various adaptations of the Cinderella story, the male character doesn't establish any connection whatsoever, and is just responds to the activities of the female characters. In the Grimm form, the activity of the plot is molded by the progression sisters' assurance that Cinderella doesn't go to the ball, and Cinderella's assurance to go. She challenges her stepsister when she doesn't play out the assignments they set for her yet has the enchantment pigeons do it for her. Moreover, all through this story, the occasions are formed by Cinderella's dead mother's soul. She is the person who sends her little girl the pigeons and allows her to go to the ball. In reality, the sovereign doesn't pick Cinderella however both she and her dead mothe r pick him for her as the one in particular that is adequate for Cinderella. It is all similar to an enchantment matchmaking story where the ruler strolls into the marriage trap that was set out for him by the dead mother. The entire plot is a contention among ladies and it is anything but difficult to envision the Prince's character supplanted by another prize representing the triumph of the great over the malevolence, yet it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to envision the story without Cinderella or the abhorrent stepsisters. The Charles Perrault form of the Cinderella story affirms the view that men, not ladies, are especially on the fringes of the story. The sovereign doesn't show up until part of the way through and the principal male character we see,

Third Way essays

Third Way expositions We live in a universe of emotional change and the old belief systems that have overwhelmed the only remaining century don't give the appropriate responses. (Tony Blair). Do you think Blairs Third Way gives the appropriate response? In this article I mean to analyze the basic ideas of the Third Way and the arrangements it brings to the table on a portion of the significant issues standing up to contemporary British and governmental issues. I will not the slightest bit have the option to do equity in this short article by talking about the Third Way in any extraordinary detail as the Third Way itself has demonstrated to be a questionable subject. I am proposing to structure this article in a manner with the goal that I will have the option to cover three to four focal ideological ideas of Blairs Third Way. So what is the Third Way. Its faultfinders guarantee that its eyewash, drained of any genuine substance. They hold it to be a cooperation of approaches, which are with out any genuin e substance. They characterize the Third Way as being indistinct, a tricky arrangement of precepts which have been taken from existing belief systems on request to frame a mixed up set of approaches. They contend that the hidden idea of the Third Way is not the slightest bit one of a kind, its leftovers can be discovered littered all through the twentieth century where a trade off or a third way has a consistently been tried to the issues of that specific time. Alan Ryan offers the accompanying understanding: The Third Way is an unmistakable and practical political position, however it isnt an advancement. It previously rose in British Politics about a century prior so, all in all it was known as new Liberalism. (1) Keeping as a primary concern that before the approach of the Third Way, the Labor government before its climb to control was depicted has having a non-ideological reason for their arrangements. Steven Wood (an individual in governmental issues at Magdalene College, Oxfor d) says that the Third Way speaks to an item separation with out truly realizing what the item is (2) Proponents of the Third... <!

Research summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research outline - Essay Example Somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2005 silicosis has been recorded to be the reason for 162 yearly passings in the US. During water powered breaking, breathing in dust is difficult to maintain a strategic distance from and subsequently the vital defensive rigging should be worn to stay away from this. The source is relevant to refresh Gasland subtopic on the grounds that it traces how flammable gas and oil extraction produces silica that contaminate the air causing wellbeing difficulties, for example, kidney illness, immune system issue, lung malignant growth and tuberculosis. Albeit, water powered breaking is viewed as gainful it is the primary driver of death in the US as breathing in dust from such extraction is difficult to maintain a strategic distance from and henceforth the essential defensive apparatus should be worn to stay away from this Winter, Mary. Penetrating Down on Shale Gas. State Legislatures. 39.7 (2013): 8. Scholastic Search Complete. Web. 14 Oct 2013. Earthy peo ple declare that pressure driven cracking is a danger to general wellbeing since it is air and water poison. This is bolstered by an investigation of water in intensely penetrated Pavillion, Wyo. Inhabitants here are said to grumble of earthy colored rank water. Albeit some have questioned the investigation, it was discovered that the ground water contained mixes related with gas creation practices, for example, pressure driven breaking. ... This fits in with Gasland story in that pressure driven breaking dirties both water and air causing earthy colored malodorous water, for example a few examinations found that in the US and different countries where gas extraction is shared conviction water contained mixes related with gas creation practices, for example, pressure driven cracking. Business warms up in New Mexico. Rock Products. 116.4 (2013): 13. Scholarly Search Complete. Web. 16 Oct 2013. Wisconsin place for analytical reporting that consolidates the Wisconsin open radio and the predominant message has fanned out that one fifth of Wisconsin’s 70 dynamic fracking sand mines ND preparing plant were refered to for demonstrations of working without the best possible grants s well as air contamination. Of more worry to the insightful columnists is the way that there are rules and guidelines administering tasks in the mining business and they are being implemented. The mining organizations should be acquainted with complex tempest water, run off and air contamination guidelines and fracking sand mining have indicated explicit negligence for ecological guidelines. Wisconsin affirms that a few mines and handling plants are begun without appropriate grants irrespecting of different principles and guidelines administering activities in the mining business authorized, and in this manner expanding air contamination. Ignoring these condition guidelines have different wellbeing impacts on individuals as affirmed by Gasland film. Krisberg, Kim. CDC discharges national activity intend to forestall inadvertent kid wounds. Nation's Health. 42.5 (2012): 6. Scholastic Search Complete. Web. 16 Oct 2013. Dashing has been perceived as one of the natural perils realizing air contamination close to wells. The US ecological insurance organization has noticed this and has given new air

Colonization and domestic violence: Strategies

Colonization and abusive behavior at home: Strategies The relationship among's colonization and abusive behavior at home is irrefutable given the plenty of insightful and authentic information. The fundamental misguided judgment that exists around there identifies with the conviction that the rough parts of colonization and its related maltreatment lay legitimately at the feet of Westerners or other outside societies and impacts. Aggressive behavior at home, in its numerous structures, is constrained upon men, ladies and kids from numerous sources remembering individuals for their own general public. Notwithstanding the definitions and relationships of colonization and aggressive behavior at home, this paper likewise talks about the colonization, social structure and maltreatment of Aboriginal Peoples including the Maori clan of New Zealand, Native Americans, and the First Nation people group of Canada just as the illnesses push onto the pilgrims by the colonizers. Likewise inspected are the connections between present day misuse identified with colonized societies and its conceivable anticipation. Abusive behavior at home The United States Justice Department’s Office on Violence Against Women gives a meaning of the different kinds of aggressive behavior at home: We characterize abusive behavior at home as an example of injurious conduct in any relationship that is utilized by one accomplice to pick up or keep up force and power over another personal accomplice. Aggressive behavior at home can be physical, sexual, enthusiastic, financial, or mental activities or dangers of activities that impact someone else. This incorporates any practices that scare, control, embarrass, seclude, alarm, threaten, pressure, compromise, fault, hurt, harm, or wound somebody. (2014) The sorts of local maltreatment incorporate physical, sexual, enthusiastic, monetary and mental maltreatment. Abusive behavior at home isn't restricted to a specific race, religion, sex, age, instructive or financial variables. With the end goal of this paper, aggressive behavior at home is classified as brutal conduct that has been perpetrated on one culture by another since colonization occurred. As a rule the casualties are the homesteaders who are exposed to maltreatment in its different structures by the colonizers yet in the long run that misuse moves into maltreatment between individuals from the abused culture. The purposes behind the maltreatment may vanish yet the conduct can last and even quicken through people in the future. Colonization The term colonization originates from the Latin for â€Å"to inhabit†. Colonization frequently alludes to an outside gathering moving into a formerly occupied territory. Since the time man figured out how to travel, he has wanted to vanquish new terrains either by building up a gainful relationship with the indigenous people groups or, all the more ordinarily, by assuming control over the land and different assets through a risk of power or through direct savagery. Colonization can be helpful in the event that it is finished with deference and participation of the occupants. A few districts, particularly immature areas, may profit essentially from colonization by an outside culture. These locales may involvement with an expansion in world information, clinical consideration, financial development and then some. There are cases in any case, that show the clouded side of colonization and the abusive behavior at home with which it has regularly been related. History is loaded up with stories of mighty colonization in spite of the language used to portray it †investigation, prominent area, settlements. As a general rule when a domain is colonized without the express consent of the pilgrims, savagery follows. The brutality may come as an immediate assault or through social mistreatment. The pioneers might be detained, assaulted or beaten into accommodation. This type of misuse keeps going any longer than the life expectancy of the abuser and manhandled. It is helped into people in the future through culture, conviction frameworks and injury, frequently making specific societies be increasingly inclined to the viciousness submitted against their precursors or, more regrettable, become the abusers. Connection among's Colonization and Domestic Violence Individuals purpose on colonizing new terrains or penetrating existing societies ordinarily held the severe conviction that their religion, legislative issues, training and culture were far better than that of the indigenous individuals hence it was normal practice for the new pilgrims to grant, regularly persuasively, their way of life and conviction frameworks on the indigenous people groups. Because of this exertion, the indigenous people groups were required to assume the qualities and culture of the intruders, for the most part because of the danger of brutality. Since indigenous individuals were frequently less taught than the attacking populace, they were seen †and treated †as a second rate society. It is not necessarily the case that the indigenous societies were immaculate before they were penetrated by the colonizers. Each culture has its own extraordinary allowance of faith based expectations and conditions. The distinction might be that there is constrained, assuming any, information or documentation on the way of life of these people groups before they were colonized. Colonization and Patriarchy Man controlled society, the social act of venerating the male sexual orientation as the head of society, including the family structure, can be legitimately connected to colonization and the abuse of the female sex. Generally, societies with a male centric view held little respect for the female sexual orientation which regularly allowed unsatisfactory treatment of females. This treatment regularly prompted different types of aggressive behavior at home. A man centric conviction framework is basic even in the cutting edge world albeit incredible steps have been made to shield ladies and youngsters from brutal guys regularly educated to be prevailing by colonizing societies. While most of the attacking individuals held a male centric view, that isn't no matter what. Numerous indigenous societies are matriarchal in nature, especially the Native American and First Nation people group of Canada. The move in authority from matriarchal to man centric regularly made ladies be seen as sub-par as men were instructed not to regard ladies as they once had. Thus, ladies in numerous societies were seen as meager more than property permitting the male populace to treat the ladies in any capacity they saw fit, including a pattern of abusive behavior at home that would stay set up for ages. As indicated by Kanuha (2002), there are a few procedures for guaranteeing prevalence over another sexual orientation or culture. The first is to persuade the homesteaders that their ways are predominant. The subsequent methodology is to make an outline between the colonizers and the indigenous people groups through isolation including the partition of people. The third methodology of colonization is to utilize abusive behavior at home to control the pioneers. This may incorporate all types of physical, passionate, profound and mental maltreatment. The fourth technique is to assume responsibility for the colonists’ financial assets including regular assets. The fifth technique is controlling the way of life and restricting outside assets of information and data. In certain societies they are allowed to see just media pictures of ladies that were made by men; pictures that regularly generalized ladies. Another type of control is to disallow the utilization of local language and training just as to deny the settlers the chance to choose or decide on their own fates. While male controlled society is irrefutably attached to colonization, it must be referenced that men likewise experienced these equivalent issues. While men may have been viewed as predominant, the settlers were underdog to the colonizers and hence regularly experienced indistinguishable maltreatment from ladies. Colonization and Disease One type of aggressive behavior at home is to deny one suitable social insurance. During the colonization of numerous areas of the world, indigenous people groups were presented to and contaminated to new illnesses brought by the settlers yet were denied sufficient consideration. Actually, a significant number of the colonizers were regularly isolated from the as of late presented locals to shield them from maladies they brought to the district. The conviction was that the locals, unfit to withstand any number of fascinating pathogens, were organically second rate. It was the advancement of world exchange courses just as the craving to vanquish new grounds that urged Europeans to cross outskirts into already unexplored regions. Thus, they contaminated whole societies with sickness, to be specific tuberculosis and little pox, two infections answerable for slaughtering most of Americans and Europeans in the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years. Also, the colonizers would in general carry with them recently trained creatures which included another degree of potential malady to the locals. As the death pace of the pioneers rose, the colonizers had the option to expand their essence and mastery over the rest of the individuals and their properties. Colonization of the Maori, Native Americans and the First Communities of Canada The Aboriginal clans of the South Pacific, especially the Maori, have a long and vicious history of being colonized by Western Europeans. The Maori were at one time the colonizers of New Zealand, assuming control over the island through power and causing the annihilation of the island’s indigenous people groups. The Maori started to exchange with Europe during the 1700s, dealing fish and land for dabs, material and different things. At the point when potential intruders endeavored to attack New Zealand, the Maori grasped brutality and guillotined the infiltrators. They frequently took an interest in savagery ceremonies which prompted a notoriety of the Maori as being merciless savages. The move toward colonization started when preachers showed up in New Zealand with the desire for changing over the Maori to Christianity. The preachers exchanged products for land and manufactured New Zealand’s first church. The Maori started to exchange black powder rifles which made a weapons contest between New Zealand and its neighbors. Viciousness heightened. In spite of the fact that the Maori and the evangelists would in general stay discrete, numerous Maori started to change over to Christianity. Connections among Britain and the Maori reinforced. England wan

Wintery Bookish Travel Spots (And Staycations)

Wintery Bookish Travel Spots (And Staycations) Holiday getaways can be stressful, but they can also be fantastic. Staycations can be dull, but great chances to escape daily frustrations. SOwe need both. Want to get away? As in far away? Ask Hemingway. During winter, it seems the best escapes either embrace the weather or run from it, and polar vortexes flying around these days, both approaches seem logical. Consider checking out Hemingways house and boat in the Caribbean to see his permanent escape from the States (and Europe). Another option: Remember Hemingways penchant for the outdoors, especially skiing. You could also seek to live Hemingways youth, or at least the closest you can get to it, by traveling over   to the Montafon Valley in Austria (as recommended here), where Hemingway stayed in the 20s. Dont have the funds? Check out options state-side. It seems that New York City is the ultimate December destination, so you could technically aim to visit here, hit up the normal romanticized tourist spots, then head on to others. Consider checking out the hotel that Dorothy Parker, famous poet and OHenry winner, hung out at, called The Algonquin, where she met her favorite group of writers, dubbed The Algonquin Round Table. If theres anything Ive learned from A Very Murray Christmas, its that hotels feature interesting visitors. You could also check out Brooklyn in the snow, if youre lucky enough to hit the right weather patterns. This area was one of the inspirations for Ezra Jack Keatss classic kids book, The Snowy Day, an important early venture into diversity in kids books. It would be worthwhile to read this book to your kids, then show them what inspired it. Granted, this is assuming you dont live in New York City, where you might wander around your holiday wonderland every day. Want to find something closer? Consider looking local, no matter where you live. Theres no doubt that local attractions can be the cheapest and most accessible. Of course theres always the local play (Various versions of David Sedariss Holidays on Ice has been picked up by small theaters these days, from Jersey to Virginia and beyond) and the local festival (I want to go to The Great Dickens Christmas Fair in San Francisco so bad!). Sometimes the best way to find events like these is Facebook or (BapabaPA!) the newspaper. You could read Amy Tans essay Fish Cheeks, in The Opposite of Fate: Memories of a Writing Life then find a place that will serve you a traditional festive Chinese dinner, just to honor the effectiveness of this essay and how its helping many students approach the concept of race identity and family tradition in the holidays. Got kids? Want to not leave your house because.well.the kids? Thats okay. Sometimes its good to just hunker down. Consider checking out Jan Bretts website, based on her fantastic wintry kids books (like the all classic The Mitten). The site has coloring pages, printable mural options and games. Lots of things to do with kiddos under your own roof and drinking something warm in a mug.

Fiscal Transparency, Political Parties, Abd Debt In OECD Countries - Free Essay Example

Abstract Many believe and argue that fiscal, or budgetary, transparency has large, positive effects on fiscal performance. However, the evidence linking transparency and fiscal policy outcomes is less compelling. To analyze the effects of fiscal transparency on public debt accumulation, we present a career-concerns model with political parties. This allows us to integrate as implications of a single model three hitherto-separate results in the literature on deficit and debt accumulation: that transparency decreases debt accumulation (at least by reducing an electoral cycle in deficits), that right-wing governments (at least for strategic reasons) tend to have higher deficits than left- wing governments, and that increasing political polarization increases debt accumulation. To test the predictions of the model, we construct a replicable index of fiscal transparency on 19-country OECD data. Simultaneous estimates of debt and transparency strongly confirm that a higher degree of fiscal transpar ency is associated with lower public debt and deficits, independent of controls for explanatory variables from other approaches. 1 We thank David Skilling for participating in the early stages of this project and Alberto Alesina, Morten Bennedsen, Tim Besley, Carles Boix, Bob Inman, Casey Mulligan, Jonathan Rodden, Christian Schultz, Ken Shepsle, David Stromberg, Guido Tabellini, and participants in the Fiscal Federalism Conference at CES, Harvard, the Political Economy Workshop at Harvard, the 97th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association (San Francisco), ECPR (Canterbury), and the Danish Public Choice Workshop III for very useful comments and suggestions. This work was begun when Lassen was visiting Harvard. He would like to thank the Economic Policy Research Unit, the Danish Research Academy and a Sasakawa International Fellowship for funding, and Harvard for its hospitality. The work was completed under an EPRU-network grant. * [emailprotected] ** [emailprotected] Fiscal Transparency and Fiscal Policy Outcomes 1. Introduction Many believe that fiscal transparency has large and positive effects on fiscal performance. According to the IMF, â€Å"transparency in government operations is widely regarded as an important precondition for macroeconomic fiscal sustainability, good governance, and overall fiscal rectitude† (Kopits and Craig 1998: 1). Both the IMF and the OECD have recently developed Codes of Best Practice for Fiscal Transparency. Fiscal adjustment programs (like some aimed at satisfying Maastricht Treaty criteria) can employ or produce creative accounting practices. Transparency can affect the probability that such budgetary tricks are revealed. In ways like that, more transparency leads to lower budget deficits and makes fiscal discipline and control of spending easier to achieve. However, while such asserted effects are common, there is not much empirical evidence about institutional transparency and fiscal policy outcomes. Some links appear between fiscal transparency and fiscal performa nce in European countries, and between indirect measures of transparency and fiscal performance in Latin American countries.Fiscal Transparency and Fiscal Policy Outcomes 1. Introduction Many believe that fiscal transparency has large and positive effects on fiscal performance. According to the IMF, â€Å"transparency in government operations is widely regarded as an important precondition for macroeconomic fiscal sustainability, good governance, and overall fiscal rectitude† (Kopits and Craig 1998: 1). Both the IMF and the OECD have recently developed Codes of Best Practice for Fiscal Transparency. Fiscal adjustment programs (like some aimed at satisfying Maastricht Treaty criteria) can employ or produce creative accounting practices. Transparency can affect the probability that such budgetary tricks are revealed. In ways like that, more transparency leads to lower budget deficits and makes fiscal discipline and control of spending easier to achieve. However, while such asse rted effects are common, there is not much empirical evidence about institutional transparency and fiscal policy outcomes. Some links appear between fiscal transparency and fiscal performance in European countries, and between indirect measures of transparency and fiscal performance in Latin American countries. Many remain convinced of the importance of fiscal transparency, however.2 The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a higher degree of fiscal transparency is in fact associated with lower public debt, other things equal. To do this, we extend the career- concerns model of public debt developed by Persson and Tabellini (2000) and, in particular, Shi and Svensson (2002) to include political parties with preferences over public spending. We show that this allows us to integrate as implications of a single model three hitherto-separate results in the literature on deficit and debt accumulation: that transparency decreases debt accumulation, at least partly through an effect on the electoral cycle (Shi and Svensson, 2002), that increasing political polarization increases debt accumulation (see, for instance, Alesina and Tabellini, 1990), and that right-wing governments, at least for strategic reasons, tend to have higher deficits than left-wing governments (Persson and Svensson, 1989). We also develop measures of fiscal transparency and show that recent evidence from OECD countries is consistent with these implications, even after controlling for the effects of explanatory variables from other political- economic models of debt and deficits, and accounting for the potential endogeneity of transparency. 2 On Europe, see von Hagen (1992), de Haan et al. (1999), Milesi-Ferretti (forthcoming), and Hallerberg et al. (2001). On Latin America, see Alesina et al. (1999). The theoretical literature on the causes and consequences of fiscal, or budgetary, transparency is not large.3 In the Shi and Svensson (2002) political agency model that we extend below, voters want more competent politicians in office, as they can provide more public goods for given levels of taxation and private consumption. However, this creates incentives for incumbents to try to â€Å"appear competent† by issuing debt, providing more public goods by ‘buying now and paying later’. In the model, the degree of fiscal or budget transparency determines when and how far voters can observe debt, and thus the extent to which an incumbent can use debt to appear competent. Milesi-Ferretti (forthcoming), on the other hand, considers in a reduced-form model the effect of transparency on government debt and deficits in a regime characterized by fiscal rules, allowing for creative accounting practices like those arising in connection with the Maastricht Treaty (Easterly 19 99). Transparency, Milesi-Ferretti argues, affects the probability that such practices are revealed, resulting in a penalty for not meeting the formal budget rule requirement. Thus, transparency determines the scope for creative accounting vs. â€Å"true† fiscal adjustment, and matters only because of the existence of fiscal rules. Finally, Ferejohn (1999) examines an agency model in which fiscal transparency affects voter trust in government and thus the size of government. In all these cases, transparency increases the probability or accuracy of observations of incumbents’ performance. The empirical literature on transparency is also limited, in part by measurement problems.4 So, in addition to providing a model that synthesizes and unifies several disparate results on debt, we construct a direct, replicable index variable measuring the transparency of budget processes of OECD countries. The index contains variables comparable though not identical to ones collected and ana lyzed in the American states (Alt, Lassen, and Skilling 2002). Further, we use this index to investigate empirically the hypotheses of the model. We find that fiscal transparency is, indeed, robustly associated with lower public debt and deficits, even after allowing for the effects of partisanship and polarization. However, we also recognize that fiscal institutions are subject to change, and investigate the reasons why governments change fiscal 3 Asymmetric information models of fiscal policy have been studied by, e.g., Rogoff (1990), but a direct focus on the role of fiscal transparency is rare. Besley and Prat (2001) touch on transparency in their investigation of the role of the media in communicating information about the government to voters. The effects of transparency about monetary policy objectives has begun to be studied as well; see, e.g., Faust and Svensson (2001), Jensen (2002), and Stasavage (2003). 4 Alesina and Perotti (1996) note that the â€Å"results on transparency probably say more about the difficulty of measuring it, than about its effect on fiscal discipline†, a point echoed in Alesina and Perotti (1999) and Tanzi and Schuknecht (2000). 2 Fiscal Transparency and Fiscal Policy Outcomes transparency. This allows us to correct transparency for possible endogeneity in the empirical analysis. Estimating the simultaneous empirical model leaves the main results unaltered. Finally, many other analyses of public debt focus on the number of actors involved in the budget process. Two conjectures predominate: either there is a â€Å"common pool problem† so that actors do not internalize the full cost of their spending or there is a â€Å"fragmentation problem† so that they cannot coordinate, for instance on a response to negative shocks. â€Å"Actors† include the number of spending ministers, parties in a governing coalition, decentralized units in a fe deral system, or veto players.5 Our model does not make specific predictions about these other variables, so in the empirical analysis we control for as many alternative approaches as possible. The paper proceeds as follows. Section 2 defines fiscal transparency. Section 3 summarizes the career-concerns model of fiscal transparency with competing political parties, deriving results for the effects of transparency, and partisanship and polarization from the â€Å"strategic debt† literature, to guide the empirical analysis. (We present the full model in an appendix.) Section 4 describes the construction of the transparency index, as well as other data, used in the empirical work. Section 5 examines the effects of fiscal transparency on fiscal performance, the causes of variation in fiscal transparency across the OECD, and the possible endogeneity of transparent institutions with respect to debt. Section 6 concludes. 2. Defining Fiscal Transparency Greater transparency eases the task of attributing outcomes to the acts of particular politicians. It makes observers more able to distinguish effort from opportunistic behavior or stochastic factors â€Å"primarily by providing actors with greater or lesser degrees of certainty about the present and future behavior of other actors† (Hall and Taylor 1996, p. 939).6 With respect to the budgetary process, a comprehensive definition of fiscal transparency is the following: â€Å"Fiscal transparency is defined †¦ as openness toward the public at large about government structure and functions, fiscal policy intentions, public sector accounts, and 5 Proposed remedies include delegation to a strong central Ministry of Finance (when there is no problem of ideological heterogeneity) and a form of commitment among coalition partners when there is (Hallerberg et al. 2001). On the effects of number, possibly conditional on decentralization and heterogeneity, of ministers and parties see Kontopoulos and Perotti (1999) and Volkerink and de Haan (2001); on decentralized units in a federal system see Rodden and Wibbels (2002); and on veto players see Tsebelis (2002). Outcomes projections. It involves ready access to reliable, comprehensive, timely, understandable, and internationally comparable information on government activities †¦ so that the electorate and financial markets can accurately assess the government’s financial position and the true costs and benefits of government activities, including their present and future economic and social implications† (Kopits and Craig 1998: 1).7 The literature also provides specific examples of transparent budget reporting procedures: â€Å"A transparent budget process is one that provides clear information on all aspects of government fiscal policy. Budgets that include numerous special accounts and that fail to consolidate all fiscal activity into a single ‘bottom line’ measure are not transparent. Budgets that are easily available to the public and to participants in the policymaking process, and that do present consolidated information, are transparent† (Poterba and von Hagen 1999: 3-4). As features of non-transparent financial reporting, Alesina and Perotti (1996) identify optimistic predictions on key economic variables and forecasts of the effects of new policies, and creative and strategic use of what is kept on or off budget, budget projections, and multi-year budgeting. We believe more transparent procedures have four distinct characteristics. First, more transparent procedures should process more information, and, other things equal, do so in fewer documents. This speaks to openness and ease of access and monitoring. Second, the possibility of independent verification, which has been shown experimentally to be a key feature in making communication persuasive and/or credible, increases transparency. Third, there should be a commitment to non-arbitrary language: words and classifications should have clear, shared, unequivocal meanings. The use of generally accepted accounting principles in some of the American states is a good example of this. Finally, the presence of more justification increases transparency, reducing the optimism and strategic creativity referred to above. Below we operationalize multiple indicators of these characteristics into an index of budget transparency.

Brazil, Soccer, and Racism Essay examples - 1529 Words

Brazil, Soccer, and Racism Soccer was first brought to Brazil by the English, and at first was passed on to the Brazilian elites. As time went on every class began to play this new sport. Soccer became immensely popular and widely played. Many blacks (lower/working-class) found soccer as a way to improve their oppressed lives. On the other hand the whites (upper-class) found it as a way control the threatening lower-class energy. This view of the upper-class led them to create a commercialized soccer, in order to get the masses to play, in a way that ensured social tranquility. (This was both Liberating and Restricting.) Soccer seemed to serve the interests of every type of person. soccer clubs were eventually formed to†¦show more content†¦Here they got to play a sport that they loved, have a job and earned money. These factory teams also formed bonds between the workers, managers and owners. The only downside was that it created a division among the working-class, because these people used the sport and the players to benefit themselves. Soccer became a way of escaping the burden of everyday life, as well as escaping the oppression by the upper-class. In the 1920’s soccer took a drastic turn when there was a disappearance of the elite soccer clubs. There were many reasons for this disappearance, but the main ones were that they were defeated by the lower-class teams, they had less of a pool to recruit from and few upper-classmen wanted to participate on a team with â€Å"black or mestizos.† These lower-class players had finally found an identity, they could be proud of. The History of soccer is explained in detail on the following Website: http://podiatry.curtin.edu.au/worldcup/soccer.html The sport of soccer, in Brazil is considered a people’s game,it started as a white players sport and then moved to blacks. The country had a complex national identity, made up of all different racial groups; soccer was the one thing that Brazilians could identify with. The poor Brazilians found self-worth in soccer much like the lower-class in Peru. For many Brazilians the sport derived from overcoming poverty, the poor turned to this sportShow MoreRelatedThe Culture Of Soccer Is More Than Just Articles1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe culture of soccer is more than just articles written in sport pages, or rumors about players been transferred from one club to another. It includes a bigger picture that covers many different social, political and economic aspects of the game. In countries where the sport is not that relevant, people refer to it as soccer. In others where the sport is very popular and has been around for a long time, it is referred to as football. When it comes to the sport, there are two very different ideasRead MoreThe Correlation Between Current Brazilian Beauty Standards And Racial Whitening1681 Words   |  7 Pagesneed to establish modern day beauty norms and epitomes in Brazil. The first, most obvious, westernized beauty norm in Brazil is hair. The majority of Brazilians have dark, curly hair; However, it is deemed more beautiful to have straight, lighter hair. Edmonds cites in his ethnography, â€Å"†¦the cultural rule seems to be the straighter (and often blonder) the better†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Edmonds, 143) when referring to beauty ideals. Although, most women in Brazil have curly hair, it is considered a â€Å"rarity† for women toRead MoreImmigrants During The 19th Century1267 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause such images no longer had excluding power (Andrews 236). Although such ideologies fell from public view for most of the rest of the 20th century, it â€Å"remained alive and active in the Brazilian consciousness† which is well exploited in modern day Brazil. After the failure to keep Afro-Brazilians subjugated through immigration policies, the white elites’ utilized their power over RSAs to further instill â€Å"racial democracy† in order to blind Brazilians the persevering existence of the racial hierarchyRead MoreBrazil : The United States1506 Words   |  7 PagesBrazil Coming to the United States from Brazil can be achieved with a Visa, but many come to the United States with the plan on not returning back to their country so they end up staying in the United States for good as immigrants. In 1990 approximately one million Brazilians where living outside of their country. Many of these immigrants got offered jobs in the hospitality and service industries in southern Florida, California and northeastern metropolitan areas. Brazilians that are considered upperRead MoreHow Soccer Explains the World2593 Words   |  11 PagesFranklin Foer the author of How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization is an important contributor of the small topic of the how soccer is related to the world. Foer from the New Republic who writes from time to time in the well known newspaper of the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal had traveled around the world especially the continent of Europe, Asia, North and South America. Going from the top ic of why the Islam religion, Islamic law, and religious paramilitaryRead MoreThe History of Soccer in Brazil Essay3103 Words   |  13 PagesThe greatest footballing country on the planet is Brazil. Brazil is a country that wins 80% of its football matches. They have a record five Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cups, eight Confederaà §Ãƒ £o Sul-Americana de Futebol (CONMEBOL) Copa Amerà ­ca titles, and three FIFA Confederations Cup titles have created a football giant. How did a country on the periphery like Brazil become so dominant? What were the patterns of continuity and change that created this footballingRead MoreA Good Friend Of Mine By Jonathan De Souza2036 Words   |  9 Pagesperson feel singled out and leaves them wondering where do I belong. Born in Argentina, Jonathan resided in the city of Cà ³rdoba with his family and twin brother. Though Jonathan and his brother were both born in Argentina, their parents were both from Brazil and immigrated to Argentina in the 90s. Growing up a Brazilian in the city of Cà ³rdoba, Jonathan was naturally brought up learning to speak Portuguese from his parents instead of traditionally learning Spanish. In his home life in Argentina, he wasRead MoreEssay on Cultural Awareness of the Country of Brazil1982 Words   |  8 PagesThe country of Brazil is located in the South American continent, it has the largest country is South America and is bordered by many countries such as Argentina and Paraguay to the southwest and Bolivia and Peru to the west there is Uruguay to the south and Venezuela to the north. It shares a boarder with every South American country except for Ecuador and the country of Chile. The country is so big that it shares a boarder with Peru and I mention Peru because it is located on the western coastRead MoreA Good Friend Of Mine By Jonathan De Souza2570 Words   |  11 Pagesfeel isolated and leaves one wondering where they belong. Born in Argent ina, Jonathan resided in the city of Cà ³rdoba with his family, including his twin brother. Though Jonathan and his brother were born in Argentina, both of their parents were from Brazil and immigrated to Argentina in the 90’s. Growing up a Brazilian in the Argentinian city of Cà ³rdoba, Jonathan was raised to speak Portuguese at home by his parents, rather than initially learning Spanish, the native language of Argentina. He was alsoRead MoreMeztisos: People of Idigenous and European Blood Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesteach them how to read and write, farm the lands in a more innovative way, make better tools, and lead a life that was just and pure. Much of this is evident in the movie The Mission, by Robert Bolt. This movie depicts the lives of Jesuit priests in Brazil who establish missions among the Guarani natives, for these very purposes. According to the movie, missions helped indigenous ways of life to become more productive and beneficial to the community as a whole. It also boasted of benefiting the natives

The Reformation Was the Rejection of the Secular Spirit of...

Contrary to the Middle Ages, when the afterlife and glorifying God was the primary focus, the Renaissance concentrated increasingly on the present day, demonstrating a more secular philosophy. Humanism developed, making human beings, and not God, the center of attention. People not longer considered their lives solely as a preparation for the afterlife, but instead gave them actual value. The churchs authority fused with that of the state, resulting in a monopolized power greatly influenced by religion. The rejection of the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance can be seen in the varying art themes of the Reformation. The Reformation rejected the secular spirit that had developed during the Italian Renaissance and replaced it with a†¦show more content†¦Since Protestantism was not only a religion but a way of life, and since priests and other clergy members were no longer as necessary in religion, in many countries the state and the church began to fuse, and formed a sin gle, all powerful rule. As a result, many Protestant countries sole authority was at once the state and religion. Although during the Renaissance state rulers were religious, there had always remained two separate powers. By unifying the two, there was no longer a relatively secular authority. The state monopolized the power and made it a religious one. Differences between the Italian Renaissance and the Reformation can be seen in art. Renaissance art exhibited a secular spirit. Artists, for the first time since the antiquity, painted secular themes. The human body was portrayed as being beautiful in its nature and glorified humans, rather then God. Art was dynamic and vivacious, often seeming as though it was in movement. This portrayal both was a reaction to the iconographic God worshipping art of the Middle Ages, and caused a reaction in Protestants, resulting in their more conservative style. Nude bodies, often seen in Italian Renaissance paintings and sculptures, are never seen in those of the Protestants. Their religious beliefs and way of life, in many ways countering that of theShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Italian Renaissance1287 Words   |  6 Pagessociety dominated by a secular, humanistic spirit. One of the most historically significant events of the Renaissance was the Reformation. Some people argue that the Reforma tion was a rejection the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance. Others assert that the Reformation was an embracement of these secular ideas. However as with many questions, this issue cannot be given a definite answer. The events of sixteenth-century Europe shows that the Reformation rejected secular ideas in some ways andRead MoreSecular Humanism Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesdecision on alleged secular humanism in Holt, Rinehart, Winston textbooks illustrates the continuing controversy over that term. The term secular humanism is used today to castigate a wide spectrum of our populous. The derision with which the term is used suggests images of horrid, grotesque monsters. In reality, however, the term merely consists of two sorely misunderstood words. In combination they suggest a virus, though singly they are innocuous, if not healthy. Secular means having toRead MoreErasmus of Rotterdam in Praise of Folly Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesoften titled the Praise of Folly, Erasmus’s seminal pre-Reformation essay examines aspects of Church teaching as well as aspects of worship which Erasmus deems worthy of the biting satire he utilises Erasmus was unrelenting in his criticism of pedantry, sophistry and demagoguery among both clerical and secular figures. Rediscovery of Aristotle and the birth of humanism in the renaissance The influence of Erasmus on humanism during this time was so great as to ensure that Northern Renaissance humanismRead MoreThe Tragical History Of Doctor Faustus1163 Words   |  5 Pagespainted in a negative light. This reflects the disillusionment with religion that Marlowe and other Renaissance men had as a consequence of the conflict between Catholicism and Protestantism that occurred during the Protestant Reformation. Through Faustus’s lines, Marlowe was able to air some of his less-than-pleasant views about Christianity. Even in the first act, Faustus’s opinion of religion is made clear. â€Å"Philosophy is odious and obscure; both law and physic are for petty wits; divinity is theRead MoreThe Impact of Puritans on the Development of America and Its Influence on Modern Society1141 Words   |  5 PagesJonathon Winthrop was the first governor of Massachusetts and served as such for twenty years. Winthrop’s brand of Puritan theology was one of setting up communities and purifying it of all non-believers. Winthrop believed that the government should be ruled with a theocracy and imposed laws with this view in mind. Roger Williams differed in Winthrop’s in that he believed everyone should have freedom to worship as they saw fit and not just the Puritans themselves. â€Å"Williams was a spiritual or theologicalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Morality And Religion1442 Words   |  6 Pagesthe beginning, Hamlet was contemplating suicide with the news of his father’s sudden death and the quick marriage of his mother, Gertrude and Uncle Claudius, but decides not to by virtue of being a sin. In the play â€Å"Hamlet,† Shakespeare examines the role of suicide in morality and religion providing a new perception into how they affect each other, and how both belief guide characters motives. The play was written during a significant time in England, the Elizabethan era was filled with the clashingRead MoreEssay Reveiw4144 Words   |  17 Pages17th Century Affairs 1. How did the disintegration of the medieval church and the coming of the Reformation contribute to the development of nation-states in Western Europe between 1450 and 1648? a. Thesis: Rise of absolutism came at the expense of the medieval church, absolutism laid the foundation for the modern-nation state. Supporting Info: (main body) 1. German princes: Luther’s Reformation = more power for princes. They have greater control of political affairs and national This laysRead MoreTheological Essay2849 Words   |  12 Pagesshould examine the material through a biblical view. If someone does not believe in the bible, explaining sin may sound like nonsense. Holding a certain philosophical viewpoint can cause tension when theologically analyzing in this area. Specifically, secular psychology clashes with the idea of sin. Psychology often teaches individuals to blame others for their failures in life. They teach that pressure from society, spouses, parents, and environments are the reason for life difficulties. Sure, otherRead MoreThe Effects of Blues Music on Civil Rights2432 Words   |  10 PagesAddy Phillips | Eddie James â€Å"Son† House, Jr., an American blues singer and guitarist once stated, People keep asking me where the blues started and all I can say is that when I was a boy we always was singing in the fields. Not real singing, you know, just hollerin, but we made up our songs about things that was happening to us at the time, and I think thats where the blues started (Cohn, 1993).† House, living through the development of the blues and the Civil Rights Movement, had a definiteRead MoreEssay on What role do rituals play in affirming community?2147 Words   |  9 Pagesguide the behaviour of men and women in the presence of the sacred and can appear as the legitimation of secular authority, but there are also ‘rituals of rebellion’ which will be explained later. Ritual is a word derived from the word ‘Rite’ and refers to the liturgical practices of the church. The invention of an idea of ‘ritual’ as a distinct form of activity came from the Protestant reformation. The Protestants condemned this idea; they saw the word ritual as something to describe the disreputable

Essay on The Apple Corporations Clever Marketing Strategies

Apple is â€Å"the world’s most colorful company,† Linzmayer, Owen . Apple Confidential 2.0. 1st. San Francisco, CA: No Starch Press, 2004. When looking at its meager beginnings Apple’s influence on the media could only be described as unique. Their product, style, and overall beliefs make the Apple Corporation a multi-billion dollar company with a general appeal for all ages. It is getting harder and harder to be an individual, so with Apple you can â€Å"rise above the norm† and be unique. Recently, this unique corporation has taken the media by storm, with their new line of products. Right along side these new products are a full line of new commercials to go along with them. These new commercials spawned from years of creative marketing done on†¦show more content†¦The commercial was a parody of the book â€Å"1984.† The commercial showed a young athletic woman wearing bright red jogging shorts running toward a giant screen. The screen portrayed a man dictating to hundreds of skinheads, and the girl ran up to the screen and broke it with a baseball bat. The symbolism in this commercial was the main reason it was a pivotal portrayal of Apple in the media. The symbolism of the giant man on the screen represented IBM, and the thousands of skinheads were mindless consumers. Apple was the young athletic woman who broke the screen and freed the thousands of skinheads from a life of monotony with PCs. This new commercial â€Å"broke all the rules, and the reaction has been, in a word, unprecedented,† as stated by Steve Hayden in the San Francisco Chronicle, 1984. This commercial was one of the most significant pieces of advertisement that Apple could show, because it explained their philosophy in one fell swoop. This commercial informed the public about what Apple really stood for—rebellion. The people Apple markets toward are the creative individuals. One of the former presidents for Apple products, Jean Gassee, was quoted April 18, 1996 in Rolling Stone saying, â€Å"We must give our user pure sex. It’s like a rendezvous in the back seat of an automobile with a beautiful girl. One’s experience should be better than the greatest orgasm you could have.† Giving the user something that is thought to be out of reach is what Apple standsShow MoreRelated Apple Inc. Financial Analysis Case Study Essay examples3623 Words   |  15 Pages Apple Inc.’s Financial Analysis case study will cover the nine-step assessment process to evaluate the company’s future financial health. The nine-step evaluation process will entail the following: 1) Fundamental analysis covers objectives, plan of action, market, competing technology, and governing and operational traits, 2) Fundamental analysis-revenue direction, 3) Investments to support the firm’s entities action plan, 4) Forthcoming profit and competitive accomplishment, 5) ForthcomingRead MoreMba Papers7691 Words   |  31 Pageswhich include Buick, Motorola, and Campbell’s Soup. In 2003, the Weather Channel reached more than 83 million U.S. households in Latin America under the name, El Canal del Tiempo. According to The Weather Channel’s Vice-president of strategic marketing, Steven Clapp, â€Å"There might have been a time when people weren’t willing to admit that they were viewers. Now people are proud to say they watch us. Research shows that we are (gaining ratings), although it’s difficult to isolate why.† A majorRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 American Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Anheuser-Busch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Apple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Applera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Applied Biosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesResource leveling 7.2 Setting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 Critical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesOur work in helping to increase the profitability of many of the world’s major companies (as well as our database surveys of many other companies) has made it clear that all this complexity has been changing the fundamental dimensions of business strategy and the meaning of its implementation. These changes affect a broad range of decisions, including the following: ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  How to invest in technology How to lead meaningful human resources initiatives How to maintain alliances successfullyRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesexpect that the introduction of a new AIS will produce the same results observed in another organization. 1-3 Ch. 1: Accounting Information Systems: An Overview 1.6 Figure 1-4 shows that developments in IT affect both an organization’s strategy and the design of its AIS. How can a company determine whether it is spending too much, too little, or just enough on IT? There is no easy answer to this question. Although a company can try to identify the benefits of a new IT initiative and

The Incarceration Of Solitary Confinement - 1722 Words

A study conducted in California’s prison system from 1999 to 2004 determined that nearly half of all suicides committed by inmates were because they were in solitary confinement (Breslow, 2014). Although some inmates have failed at their suicide attempts, that does not mean that they have not attempted to end their lives. There is a higher rate of inmates self mutilating while being in solitary confinement than if they were in the general prison population (Breslow, 2014). This means that inmates that are isolated are more of a danger to themselves. Being in solitary confinement also attributes to personality disorders, Breslow mentioned that many inmates lose the ability to communicate with others after being in solitary confinement for a long period of time and thus do not want to leave their cells (2014). It can be argued that having inmates in solitary confinement is a human rights violation. When inmates are isolated, they are constantly being monitored through a camera. The inmates have no form of communication with people and even their food is passed through a slot on the door. Solitary confinement can be considered torture because it has been proven that by subjecting inmates to this they experience mental illnesses such as paranoia, hallucination, panic attacks, and suicidal attempts (Breslow, 2014). Solitary Confinement for Juvenile Inmates In this precise moment it is completely legal for a juvenile to be placed in solitary confinement. Let that sink in for aShow MoreRelatedPositive And Negative Impacts Of The Correctional System1514 Words   |  7 Pagessystem as a whole has a significant impact on the United States. From policy, incarceration, sexual victimization, and those who oversee correctional facilities it all takes a toll on the country. Simply stated, it is the butterfly effect seen in action. When one decision, action, or lack thereof is implemented there will either be positive or negative consequences. Statistics encompassing sexual victimization, incarceration rates in the United States, segregation in prison all create an environmentRead MoreIncarceration : Cruel And Unregulated Punishment Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesIncarceration: Cruel Unregulated Punishment Inmates held in the United State’s prison system face critical exposure to numerous violations of their basic human rights. Abuses of power present themselves in a myriad of ways, including; the unregulated approach in which prison facilities enforce solitary confinement, the misuse of â€Å"compassionate release† policies and the judicial system’s wrongful imprisonment of individuals suffering from mental illness and, or mental disability. In most casesRead MorePros And Cons Of Solitary Confinement1001 Words   |  5 PagesOver the last couple of decades, prison systems have adopted the use of solitary confinement as a means of punishment and have progressively depended on it to help maintain obedience and discipline inside the prison structure. Solitary confinement is a form of incarceration in which a prisoner is isolated in a cell for multiple hours, days, or weeks with limited to no human contact. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, the Unite d States represents only 5% of the worlds population yetRead MoreDrawbacks of Solitary Confinement1716 Words   |  7 PagesNot too many people know what Solitary confinement is or what it can do to a human being. Solitary confinement is a special form of imprisonment. The prisoner is confined in a small windowless unit completely isolated from any human contact. It is a form of punishment for behavior modification beyond incarceration for a prisoner and is used as an additional measure of protection from the inmate. The issue of solitary confinement is extremely controversial and is a complicated subject to decide onRead MoreThe Video Of Last Week Tonight By John Oliver884 Words   |  4 PagesReaction Assignment In the video of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, John Oliver discusses the problem of mass incarceration in the United States. He starts by talking about the extremely large prison population in America. According to Oliver America has a larger prison population than China despite having a much smaller overall population. In fact America has the largest prison population in the entire world. He then discusses how the prison population is mostly populated with minorities andRead MorePrison System : Rehabilitation And Self Growth1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthe entire system of incarceration is changed from a system based on punishment to a system based on rehabilitation and self-growth. In this new prison, there will be no solitary confinement, more rehabilitation and counseling services, and education opportunities for all inmates. The people in our prison systems are not monsters—they are people who made mistakes. They should be treated like human beings. First order of business is to remove the practice of solitary confinement. There have been countlessRead MoreEffects Of Long Term Incarceration On Prisoners900 Words   |  4 Pagestopic I am exploring is the effects of long-term incarceration on prisoner’s mental and psychological state. Many individuals believe that long- term incarceration and the conditions of prisons have negatively affected inmates psychologically and mentally. It has been discovered that post-traumatic stress disorders and anxiety is shared between those who have been in prison for a long period or those who are adapted to prison life. (Garcia) Incarceration was created to help the prisoners reimburse themselvesRead MoreThe Death Of A Brooklyn Shelter For Domestic Violence1504 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Problem One major problem facing American prisons are the extremely high incarceration rates. According to a report released by the National Research Council, â€Å"The US rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5-to 10-times higher than rates in Western Europe and other democracies.† (Zurcher, 2014, para. 3) Based on this report it is clearly illustrated that the incarceration rates are absurdly high in comparison to other major countries. Furthermore, strictRead MoreI Chose The Topic Of Prison Psychology With A Focus On1198 Words   |  5 Pagesdirect=truedb=bthAN=100940301site=eds-livescope=site. Solitary confinement expanded greatly from the 1970’s to the 1980’s as a form of punishment, in 1983, was the first use of solitary confinement as a permanent holding cell. The article then goes into detail on how the Supreme Court focuses on the physical necessities of inmates and less on the psychological issues. As of today, only a few courts have established that solitary confinement unconstitutional due to the obvious mental effects, butRead MoreSolitary Confinement Is A Form Of Punishment918 Words   |  4 PagesSolitary confinement is a separate housing unit where housing is for the worst of the worst and any criminal who cannot be left in general population. Supermax prisons is a form of tool where the wardens and security guards can manage any disobedient prisoners. Many state wardens believe that solitary confinement does provide order and safety to the correctional staff and the inmates as well. This form of housing unit is needed because those who are not cooperative to any form of treatment and who

Video Game Violence Free Essays

Video Game Violence â€Å"Video Game Violence Law Poses Questions†, is an editorial located in the online magazine V Planet. Vance Velez, the author of the controversial issue, opposes the Washington law involving specific forms of video game violence, which is on the verge of being passed in the Legislature. He successfully persuades his audience that the Washington law limits people’s rights and that they should take a stand against the proposed law. We will write a custom essay sample on Video Game Violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now His audience includes people who are in favor of the Washington law, concerned parents, and adult video gamers that oppose the Washington law, who are, in his definition, those 18 or older. Those who are in favor of the law may include politicians, or mothers who can relate to influential violence on children. Adult video gamers are those who enjoy playing video games as a favorite pastime, just like golf or aerobics, for most Americans. â€Å"It’s no argument that video games are becoming more violent†, states Velez. â€Å"Many parents and politicians oppose the violence; some even want to get these kind of video games banned. † A politician who opposes this specific form of violence is Mary Lou Dickerson. Mary Lou Dickerson is a State Legislator who has proposed a law to restrict certain violent material in video games. The proposed law, which is quoted in the editorial, states: â€Å"Levies a fine up to 500 dollars on anyone who rents or sells to someone 17 or younger computer games in which the player kills or injures a human form that is depicted as a public law enforcement officer. Police officers and firefighters are included in that classification. † Velez addresses many flaws in the proposed law in detail and also explains some consequences that may occur if the law is passed. Vance Velez is the author of many editorials that appear on this online magazine. His broad knowledge of video games allows him to pinpoint the main problems of the law. He successfully persuades people that are in favor of the law, that it may, in the long run, actually harm our youth. The author’s main argument throughout the editorial is backed by issuing a series of examples how many games that do not endanger young children, may be banned because of a faulty law. He mentions that passing the law will limit people’s rights and may also act as a gateway law, to limit others rights. â€Å"If they take away our right to have fun and view what we enjoy, then what else will they take away when violence is still present in our society? † Vance Velez explains in detail why people should oppose the Washington law on video games. Although he does introduce and define many terms involving video games, he expects the reader to at least have some knowledge about video games. He addresses many games, like Simcity and Grand Theft Auto, which have been in the mainstream lately; therefore, readers must be up to date with video games and must be familiar with certain type of video games in order to understand the author’s references. Velez addresses adult video gamers and let’s them know that their precious games may be lost, so he urges them to take action and protest this pending law. Velez opposes the Washington law because it violates people’s rights. Velez’ stand that taking away things mature Americans enjoy would be a crime in itself because it violates the Freedom of Speech rights. In his definition a mature American is a person who knows right from wrong. He states, â€Å"The Washington law, because it’s built on fear of the unknown and lack of communication, fails to recognize the freedom of speech rights. † The author uses logos by referring to people’s values of their rights. The author opens the first paragraph with a question, â€Å"What’s the right way to protect children from violence? He appeals to those who are against video game violence and lets them know that he wants safety for our youth with the use of good reasons. He gains trust from this audience by showing he wants things for the better. His definition of children includes those who have a sense of right and wrong but are still easily influenced. He believes that video games aren’t harming children; it’s some other factor that is the reason why video games are harming very young kids, such as lack of parent guidance and discipline. Velez talks about this later on in his editorial. He then uses pathos to appeal to the feelings of concerned parents, and those who are in favor of the Washington law, as he states, â€Å"This is the fourth time that politicians have tried to pass laws regulating violent content in video games. † This audience sees how helpless and unsuccessful the government is when it comes to passing these types of laws. This audience feels sorry for the government, they sort of look down at them shame. Those who are in favor of the Washington law may begin to think that people who can’t make up their minds organize our country. They may start to question the proposed law and wonder if it too, will fail. Velez quotes Mary Lou Dickerson, who explains what the state legislator actually thinks about video games in response to a lawsuit. â€Å"The lawsuit filed today against Washington’s ban on sales or rentals of cop-killing games to children comes as no surprise. Certain elements of the video-game industry clearly want the right to sell any game, no matter how brutal, racist or sick, to any child, no matter how young. † Velez rebuts this argument by initially stating it’s in violation of Freedom of Speech rights. Politicians are actually trying to ban violent video games which are a pastime that many adult Americans enjoy. † By adult, Velez states that he means, â€Å"Those people who are 18 or older. † He persuades this audience to take action by standing up against the law. Velez remarks, â€Å"Taking away an individuals right to have fun and enjoy video games can be argued as a violation. † The author is addressing adult gamers when he states this because they have the ability to stand up against such laws. The author’s statements threaten adult gamers and make them have a sense of danger that their lives are being controlled. Velez begins his argument by mentioning games that are â€Å"harmless†, in his opinion, which may be banned because they violate the grounds of the Washington law. His example of the game Simcity, appeals to logos and ethos by explaining how an educational game would be in violation of the law. He says, â€Å"In the game of Simcity, you can cause a minor disaster in your city by causing a tornado, an earthquake or a flood. These disasters can destroy the police station or fire department, which would be in violation of the proposed Washington law. † His audiences are those who are for the Washington law and concerned parents when he explains how â€Å"innocent† games, according to Velez, are the victims of the proposed law. He persuades them by making them realize not all â€Å"violent video games† are harmful to children. I think if this audience is familiar with the game of Simcity, they would agree that it is not a violent game, but the author makes them realize that their values will be lost if the law passes, by the use of pathos. Many video gamers would find this offensive because they aren’t able to enjoy their â€Å"innocent† games. The audience’s emotions are being involved in this paragraph with the use of pathos. The author’s ethos is clarified once his familiarity and expertise with video games begin to show and as he introduces situations that are possible once the law is passed. In another example of a â€Å"harmful† video game, the definition according the Washington law, Velez introduces the game Rampage, where giant gorillas and lizards destroy cities, similar to King Kong. The author explains that in the game the animals are capable of crushing police stations and police cars. Rampage, which attracts gamers between the ages of eight and sixteen, would be in violation of the Washington law. The author introduces the silliness of the Washington law. He makes the audience realize that highly fictional characters aren’t harmful to children; however, he states, â€Å"In the governments eyes, they will make children grow up to be terrorists. † Velez describes the many holes the proposed law contains. Those who are for the Washington law are persuaded with logos in this situation because they believe it is only fair for children or even adults to have fun if the game is completely safe. They may also think of other forms of entertainment that may also be involved with this kind of law. They imagine other situations where law enforcement officers are portrayed or killed, such as in numerous movies such as, â€Å"Robin Hood† and â€Å"Lethal Weapon†. Why aren’t these issues being addressed? Are video games that much worse than violent movies and plays? In his last paragraph, Velez explains his beliefs involving the problems of violent video games. His finger points to government and most importantly, the children’s parents. He explains that parents have the responsibility to judge what their child sees and hears. Some adult audiences might find his accusation offensive and may get turned off by his remarks, because they are blunt and obtrusive. An example of this is when he remarks, â€Å"The parents should be responsible enough to monitor their children and make sure that that particular game does not enter the console (videogame system) itself. Reasonable adult audiences may actually listen to hear what the author is trying to get across. His use of logos appeals to those who are in favor of the Washington law because he makes them think about how parents could be the source of the problem. They may agree that parents need to be on the look out for what is safe and unsafe for their children. Velez explains that parents allow children to play violent video games that influence children to do harm which portray video games as the main source of the problem. It’s easier to blame an image or machine than it is to blame people†, Velez said. The â€Å"parent† problem may make more sense to his opposing audience if they aren’t biased and read the editorial with an open mind. In conclusion, Vance Velez was very familiar with his topic, which gave him enough credibility to persuade those in his audience who are in favor of the Washington law, to think twice about their position and possibly accept his belief, that passing the Washington law is a mistake. He’s also successful at convincing adult gamers, those 18 or older, to take action against the proposed Washington law. His arguments were well thought out and convincing by using logos and pathos. However, his alternative to the Washington law was a bit broad and didn’t really include a solution. He identified the problems that might occur if the law is passed, such as the loss of Freedom of Speech Rights, but he had no feedback on how else to deal with the situation. I believe author’s overall argument was persuading even though he didn’t include a proposed solution. How to cite Video Game Violence, Papers Video Game Violence Free Essays There have been many arguments that have been brought up arguing that violent video games are making kids more violent. Some arguments go as far as saying all video games are making kids more violent. However, the argument can go both ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Video Game Violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now People have brought up that video games help kids with hand eye coordination and allow them to vent their frustrations. The earliest videogame has been around since 1958, and this game was a simple game that had no human and no violence in it. As technology became more advanced the videogames became more violent. Starting with a ball bouncing right and left in a videogame called Tennis for Two and ending with an incredibly violent video game that encourages killing other humans in Manhunt 2. There has been much research done on violent video games and their effects on kids, but no outcome has been decided yet. One side of the argument views videogames as a good thing. They think that videogames do not affect kids in any way and that some are good for kids. Talking about two boys that have ADD, â€Å"video games, as prescribed by their psychologist, have helped them learn to focus† (Mike Snider, 2005 p. ). Video games are helping train kids to focus, and it is doing it in a fun way. Kids learn better when they are interested in what they are doing and video games make learning fun and interactive. When playing a video game the fun parts are remembered by the kids and if the fun parts are educational, they will learn it. Other studies have shown that video game violence does not make kids more violent like people say, but at the most it just desensitizes them to violence. This is only true if they play violent video games, but a study showed that â€Å"the three most popular types of games are nonviolent. Instead, they involve racing, puzzles and sports† (Sieberg, Daniel 2008 p. 1). Some kids are playing violent video games, but the majority of kids are playing games that may actually help them. Puzzle games make kids think more on how to solve problems and sport games make kids want to get up and try the sport that they see. With all of the new technology coming out, it allows kids to be more active. The newest system from Nintendo is the Wii. This is a game system that makes kids get up and move to play forcing children to get some exercise even if they do not know it. So video games really are helping the kids in today’s world. On the other side, arguments have been raised saying that video games are making kids more violent. A study done in American Psychology Association showed that kids that play violent video games have a rise in violent thoughts and actions. The Washington Post wrote, â€Å"Playing violent video games increases violent thinking, attitudes and behaviors among players. And does nothing to promote positive social behaviors† (2010 p. 1). When kids that played a violent videogame for 30 minutes have a scan of their brain, there is a rise of activity in the emotion part of their brain showing that violent video games causes these kids to think differently. Because the emotional part of the brain is more active, kids will have a harder time making wise decisions. There have been arguments that video game violence desensitizes kids to violence and that since they do not feel remorse for murder, they will just go out and kill someone. Kids learn from everyday experiences and the kids in today’s world play hours of videogames a week, so kids are learning from the video games that they play. Because a video game shows that killing is good, that the more creative the kill the more money, and the more violent the better, kids might pick up on this idea and bring it to the real world. If at a young enough age some kids will believe anything and with the age of kids playing violent video games dropping, the young kids will learn bad things from these video games. As early as the first Space Invaders game there was violence. Back then it might just have been a spaceship exploding into tiny pixels, but there was still shooting involved. The ways of violence seems to be the same; it is just that everything now is bloodier and more graphic. Bernard Farrales says, â€Å"Even though the levels of realism and gore have increased, it can be said that video games have NOT become more violent since the basic goal is the same: shoot and kill everything in your way† (Farrales p. 1). Even from the beginning there has been violence, but as time went on and technology became more advanced the videogames became more graphic. Now not only are people destroying small pixilated spaceships, they are killing anything that moves in many gruesome ways. Many video games are violent they might not be as violent as people being decapitated but there is some hidden violence within. A video game called Mario Cart may seem like a simple racing game with no violence, but there is some violence when one of the characters throws turtle shells or even bombs at the other characters. There is violence in so many video games whether it is horrific or minor people may not see it. Is the violence in video games violent totally necessary? To some it seems like it while to others it does not. Parents of the kids that have these video games feel that this violence is not needed because of what it might do to their kids. Susan Grinde, a mother from East Wenatchee, says â€Å"Violent video games encourage disrespectful and violent behavior as it distorts fantasy and reality. † Parents do not want their kids to grow up to be violent because they care for their kids and want the best for them. Video game companies on the other hand love the violence. Violence is the number one seller in video games because the majority of the buyers are teenage boys who love the violence. In today’s society violence is wanted by many people because it gives them a way to vent their frustrations. People have violence and killer instincts within themselves, and people play violent video games to fulfill their killer needs. This makes for a very good business in the video game industry. Times have changed and so has the video games. October 18, 1958 brought about the firs ever video game called Tennis For Two. People in this time period were so entertained by this phenomenon because it was new and interesting. More games came out like Tennis For Two, like Pong. When one video game comes out and is a big hit with society, other games come out because that is what interest people. When violent video games began to come out, the people did not know what to think about them. Mortal Combat was one of the first violent video game, and some people did not know what to think about it because it was the first to show death on a computer. As time went on people began to like these new forms of video games more and more so video game companies tried to give the people what they wanted. Violence began to sell incredibly well so the companies tried to make their games more violent so that people would buy them like the video game Gears of War which has blood in every scene. In today’s world, so many video games are violent because of the addiction to violence we have. So from Tennis For Two to Gears of War, video game companies are just trying to give the people what they want. How to cite Video Game Violence, Essay examples

Emerging Trends in ICT and Business Stripe New Payment

Question: Discuss about the Emerging Trends in ICT and Business for Stripe New Payment. Answer: Introduction In this paper, a report has been created to depict the significance of developing improvements in business. This report is composed for the financial specialists of a start-up Australian Fintech, for which this new installment innovation will be the center business. The organization will utilize another installment innovation named Stripe as another chance to grow its business. This worldwide installment choice will help them to build their universal business. Background As Ali et al. (2014), expressed that computerized cash related improvements began to ascend amid Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008. Amid this time because of doubt of banks Bitcoin and different other advanced monetary standards are created. It has influenced Australia too. New neighborhood installment new businesses are creating in Australia. Moreover, the quantity of remote installment firms is additionally expanding in the nation. Australian Fintech is a new company and the organization gives business loans up to $100,000. It gives quick endorsement on credits in light of the business exchange information. The organization offers unsecured working capital credits through its site from $ 1000 to $ 20,000 at a level 1% loan fee (Australian FinTech 2016). However, with the passageway of worldwide players, for example, PayPal, it has turned into a test for the organization to keep up its unfaltering development rate. Presently, Australian Fintech needs to utilize non-eBay e-trade and bookkeeping programming and installment stages to offer their credits. Thus, the organization is intuition to utilize another installment innovation Stripe as a center business procedure. Stripe will likewise give a wellspring of information that Australian Fintech can use to make the credit checks (Nwaolisa and Kasie 2012). The Stripe is an online installment preparing stage. It is prestigious for its effortlessness and selection in the web group (Tan et al. 2014). Web designers of Australian Fintech can exploit Stripe's installment handling stage and grow their business operations. Results The execution of new installment innovation Stripe will give some elite components to the association. They are provided as beneath: Built for different developers It is accessible in various advancement stages, for example, Curl, Ruby, Python, PHP, and Java. It gives vigorous and clean APIs that let the organization Australian Fintech to create installment alternatives. Figure 1: Platforms available for Stripe (Source: Created by Author) Powerful toolkit It will give the organization different installment toolboxes, for example, adaptable charging periods, coupons, client trails and boundless membership alternatives (Ali and Awal 2012). Every one of these components will make Australian Fintech more appealing to its clients. Perfectly scaled Stripe is planned taking at the top of the priority list around an entire organization. Adjustment of Stripe will make the installment alternatives run easily for the organization. Highlights such as bookkeeping coordination, demonstrated extortion security, disentangled operation, and fight-tried framework will make Australian Fintech more productive and appealing (Wonglimpiyarat 2015). Figure 2: Scaling options of the New Payment Method (Source: Created by Author) High security Stripe gives consistent security. It is trusted by a huge number of little and huge business associations to control up trade for their business. Stripe is ensured to PCI administration supplier level 1. It is the most stringent level of affirmation (Hasan, Schmiedel and Song 2012). It gives an additional layer of security for the record of clients for Australian Fintech by empowering two-variable verification. Figure 3: Features of the New Payment Option Stripe (Source: Created by Author) It is valuable for the business as well as for clients. Earlier engineers of Australian Fintech need to set up a free server to accept every buy of their clients (Polasik et al. 2012). Presently clients simply need to take after three basic strides to get a credit from Australian Fintech. They are said underneath: Get a MasterCard token from Stripe Charge the card utilizing Stripe token Get credit from Australian Fintech Figure 4: Steps for using new payment option (Source: Created by Author) Recommendations The expansion of utilizing innovation has quickly increased issues like frauds and robbery. Therefore, the organization Australian Fintech needs to find a way to enhance security for its online installment innovation. They are specified as beneath: Identification and confirmation measures It will permit Australian Fintech to perceive its clients appropriately. This data is vital for the new company as it builds up a superior business relationship. It will likewise help the organization to distinguish whether a client is associated with different records or not (Stripe cards or money vouchers). It likewise makes a paper trail for the law authorization if there should arise an occurrence of any misrepresentation or danger. IP location of clients must be a part of the distinguishing proof information gathered by the organization. It will minimize the potential for a client to handle numerous records. Effective observing framework It can turn into an extremely powerful instrument to relieve the wrongdoing hazard for the New Payment Method (NPM). With a specific end goal to create successful observing framework, the organization should requirements to distinguish: Suspicious or irregular exchanges Discrepancies for occasion between gave client data and the IP address When the same record is utilized by various buyers Cases where the same customer opens numerous records Balance and exchange limits Restricting the equalization and exchange sums can keep culprits from having admittance to many cash for illicit reasons. The organization needs to distinguish the requirements of clients before giving a credit to them. Methods of financing Risks identified with online installment can be alleviated if Australian Fintech begins to utilize CDD measures of Stripe. They can be beforehand distinguished ledgers, charge or Visas or whatever other customized installment strategies. The organization likewise needs to confine the quantity of gatherings required in the establishing procedure. It will constrain the likelihood of outsider establishing. Conclusion In this report, it has been portrayed that the new start-up named Australian Fintech can utilize another installment choice as its center business procedure. This new installment alternative is Stripe. This NPM is known for is straightforwardness and reception by thousands little and expansive associations. This new installment choice is both favorable for the organization and its clients. It gives some particular elements make it helpful for associations. They are, for example, capable toolbox, worked for various designers, flawless scaling, and high security. With the assistance of this new installment, innovation clients can take loan structure Australian Fintech in three straightforward strides. Nonetheless, there are a few proposals have been accommodated the organization Australian Fintech to enhance its security framework for the new online installment innovation. References Ali, R., Barrdear, J., Clews, R. and Southgate, J., 2014. Innovations in payment technologies and the emergence of digital currencies.Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, p.Q3. Ali, T. and Awal, M.A., 2012, May. Secure mobile communication in m-payment system using NFC technology. InInformatics, Electronics Vision (ICIEV), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 133-136). IEEE. Australian FinTech., 2016.Home - Australian Fintech. [online] Available at: https://australianfintech.com.au/ [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016]. Hasan, I., Schmiedel, H. and Song, L., 2012. Returns to retail banking and payments.Journal of Financial Services Research,41(3), pp.163-195. Nwaolisa, E.F. and Kasie, E.G., 2012. Electronic Retail Payment Systems: User Acceptability And Payment Problems In Nigeria.Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter),1(9), p.111. Polasik, M., Grka, J., Wilczewski, G., Kunkowski, J., Przenajkowska, K. and Tetkowska, N., 2012, June. Time efficiency of Point-of-Sale payment methods: Empirical results for cash, cards and mobile payments. InInternational Conference on Enterprise Information Systems(pp. 306-320). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tan, G.W.H., Ooi, K.B., Chong, S.C. and Hew, T.S., 2014. NFC mobile credit card: the next frontier of mobile payment?.Telematics and Informatics,31(2), pp.292-307. Wonglimpiyarat, J., 2015. E-payment strategies of bank card innovations.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2007.

Without Faith, There Can be no True Virtue

Introduction Religion is a concept that has been frequently used to denote the spiritual dominance and practices of Christians. It sets itself apart from the portrayal of worldly perceptions and knowledge. In fact, it is doubted whether those who do not embrace and worship ghost, divinity, or other spirits, and those who have the essential and natural vision on humanity should search for divine knowledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Without Faith, There Can be no True Virtue? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is always difficult to understand Christian teachings because understanding how God exists is also not easy. Based on biblical teachings, there are supernatural and natural beings. Understanding these characters is essential for spiritual nurturing. According to White and Cessario (2001), good religious studies and personal convictions are thus very necessary in nurturing spiritual faith. Considering t hese two concepts in our everyday undertakings is important in advancing the faith of an individual and groups. It is not possible to please the Almighty where there is no faith and gracious actions. In the bible, Enoch justified the act of faith and delighted God. Faith imparts life to the spirit of individuals and any spiritual task that is accomplished without faith generates transgression. Therefore, the Lord considers those who lack the faith to be lifeless in everything they do. In the bible, any faithless individual is compared to the adorned picture that is dull but depicts that object. Conversely, the spiritual believes that lack affection appears to be wonderful and is not absurd before man. Although the faithless responsibilities might be sparkling before human sights, they hardly pervade the everlasting life according to God. Such responsibilities are perceptive and obscure because they are of good quality and spirited effects, but are not predetermined according to bibl ical teachings. It is, therefore, imperative to base our knowledge on St Augustine’s teachings that there can be no virtue without faith. Being Righteous, Sinless and Gracious Faith is hardly acknowledged where there are no righteous virtues since it may not be instilled without gracious acts. Faith and grace are normally linked up to create real virtue. For one to be righteous, it is important to embrace and live a sinless life because this will lead to faith nourishment. In fact, gracious acts facilitate the faith we possess in Christ and help us to be accepted by God.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, in the bible, a robber who endured pain alongside Jesus had strong faith in Christ and believed in God. The gracious God later forgave the thug and cleansed him of his sins because he had faith (White and Cessario, 2001). Hence, the Bible teaches that spiri tual nourishment cannot lack life, but life can be without the nourishment of self-righteousness. Nobody who sins before God and fails to repent is righteous. As the Bible asserts, the Almighty may not be gracious or have mercy on such a sinful person. Being Virtuous and Having Faith in God According to the biblical teachings, man is obligated to have faith to nurture the good virtue in him. It is true that people who excel by executing their desired virtues have no everlasting life. Like the biblical burglar, he had no desirable qualities but repented before God and was granted time to live. Furthermore, the Bible teaches that God will not hear excuses and objections from any man who sins and waits to be forgiven after the time for repenting have elapsed. The Bible affirms that it is the only faith that will save everyone from the bondage of sin (Zschokke, 1830). However, salvation is going astray when we fail to acknowledge faith and dispense our lives to the virtues relating to b ad qualities. The Bible claims that no good feature in man can be available to an endless life that lacks faith. Thus, our work cannot justify our actions, but rather our faith may help us to acquire the desired and prospective virtues. The tendencies that are present in the course of good personal acts are human virtue. Faith represents the devotion itself, therefore we have fashioned and indistinct faith. A fashioned faith entails two things namely perfecting it and believing it. All these are the proceeds from intelligence confirmed by the authority of our will. However, indistinct faith is not a virtue and does not necessitate precision on the part of man’s willpower. Besides, the Bible teaches that temperament would not be a virtue if cautions were not there to coherently control and determine the power of man. Hence, all practices that possess values of excellent human accomplishments are virtues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Without Faith, The re Can be no True Virtue? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that any spiritual object pertaining to faith is beyond human explanations (Zschokke, 1830). God reveals these spiritual objects since they are outside the deliberation of God’s creatures. Not unless, you have sturdy faith to envy good virtues then God can reveal them to humanity. It is clear that God inculcates convention in people whose achievements are higher than their temperaments (St Thomas Aquinas, 2000). St Augustine Teachings on Faith According to St Augustine, there can be no good care held where faith is not present. One must not imagine that a man will possibly do some finer action without faith. Thus, we ought not to lay down the first-class mechanism before affection. Although men take these occupations as admirable honor, to God they are of no value and not acceptable. A faithless person is like a horse competing out of the system way and und ergoing an enormous work without any intention (St Thomas Aquinas, 2007). Consequently, if one had faith in God, he safeguards the virtue he has as an individual. It is for this reason that where there is no faith there is no excellent livelihood. Augustine saw that faith must control the intention of a man to have good qualities. Jesus Christ said that his entire body was darkness if his eyes were nothing. Here, the eyeball signified the intention as specified by Augustine. In fact, there is no smile if a man does something with godly intention. Such actions leave one without good grace in that there is a lack of affection when we are working in love. Measuring good virtues should not be by the facts themselves, but by the aim of the results for doing so (Aquinas, 2009). One may think he or she is implementing a proper virtue, yet it is an activity directly relating to a vice. It is not just before God for one to feed the hungry and dress the naked without having faith, respect, an d love for Him. Otherwise, this pleasing quality is unproductive, worthless, and dead in the face of the Lord. St Augustine demands that whether one fades or not, a faithless grace is nothing. The allegation is true in that faith does speak well about the work of God. Whereas we can fell to good virtues in building strong relations, we are hopeless without faith in Christ. Faith works well with charity. Therefore, it is important for an individual to have faith to set a stable foundation in God (St Thomas Aquinas, 2007). It is in faith where we pass all other virtues like righteousness, self-control, knowledge, and influence as Augustine reveals. Without faith, we only have the shadows and name of these good virtues, but not the commitment itself. Moreover, in the livelihood of those missing true faith, there is sin and waste. It relates to the author of integrity and the dishonest virtue that occurs where there is no faith in God even if the qualities of an individual are the best. Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In St Augustine’s statement, the pagans, Jews, and the heretics fed and dressed the poor. However, their work of good care was hopeless because they did it without faith. He compared them to a turtle who had found a nest for keeping her young birds so that they could not be lost. It was clear that if one had faith in God, he could protect the virtue he has individually. Similarly, the nest signifies the faith that protects the birds (Aquinas, 2009). Thus, we can also safeguard our loyalty through faith so that our rewards remain unbroken. Justification of Augustine’s Disputes by Other Saints The spirit of having good virtues where faith is absent was in dispute by St Augustine. St Ambrose justified that by explaining the ordinary strength of the character that survives the vices. One would beautify up the time of faithless life and achieve the impossible virtues. He challenged that without faith no respect to the true God. As a result, any person is inevitable to confu se a virtue for a vice (Saint Thomas Aquinas, n.d). St Chrysostom John wrote that many of the descendants lacking faith in them are not in the group of Christ. They may prosper in good works of kindness, have fairness, and always come out in care and sympathy, yet their work yield no fruit because they lack faith. He linked this to the story where the Jews asked Jesus concerning what they should do to be righteous. All he did was to call for faith in the work of the Lord. One should believe, and immediate faith becomes complete in him. Through this, he shall thrive in good virtues in that not anything is excellent without faith. St Chrysostom in the same way insisted that one is lifeless when he excels and shines in good works without God’s faith (St Thomas Aquinas, 2007). It further shows having the valuable and godly burial place whilst attaining nothing from them. Conclusion In general, one should have a strong faith to have the pleasing virtues. The moral standards result ing from good features are linked with one another. Moreover, it is not normal for the open principles like grace, love, and faith to come to mind without charity. Compassionate faith cannot keep on living without moral virtues. The inquiry about charity, hopefulness, and sincerity direct us to the conclusion that there can be no charity without hope and faith. If one has faith in God, he preserves the good virtue he has in character. Therefore, without faith, we only have the shades and names of these good virtues, but not the commitment. It is the only faith that will save everyone from the oppression of sin. Salvation is going lost when we take no notice of faith and give out our lives to the virtues relating to bad qualities. Thus, faith is essential for true virtue in all spiritual aspects. Reference List Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologica: Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Alabama: Mobile Reference Press, 2009. St. Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologica Complet e. Cairo: Library of Alexandria, n.d. St. Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologica: Second Section. New York: Cosimo, Inc., 2007. St. Thomas Aquinas. The Summa Theologica. Raleigh: Hayes Barton Press, 2000. White, Kevin, and Romanus Cessario. On the Virtues. Washington: CUA Press, 2001. Zschokke, Johann. Hours of Devotion for the Promotion of True Christianity and Family Worship. London: Oxford University, 1830. This essay on Without Faith, There Can be no True Virtue? was written and submitted by user Blake Velasquez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.