THE PHOENICIAN WOMEN Essay Example For Students

THE PHOENICIAN WOMEN Essay A monologue from the play by Euripides NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Plays of Euripides in English, vol. ii. Trans. Shelley Dean Milman. London: J.M. Dent Sons, 1922. JOCASTA: Believe me, O Eteocles my son,Old age is not by wretchedness aloneAttended: more discreetly than rash youthExperience speaks. Why dost thou woo ambition,That most malignant goddess? O forbear!For shes a foe to justice, and hath enteredFull many a mansion, many a prosperous city,Nor left them till in ruin she involvesAll those who harbour her: yet this is sheOn whom thou doatst. Twere better, O my son,To cultivate equality, who joinsFriends, cities, heroes, in one steadfast leagueFor by the laws of nature, through the worldEquality was stablished: but the wealthyFinds in the poorer man a consant foe;Hence bitter enmity derives its source.Equality, among the human race,Measures, and weights, and numbers hath ordained:Both the dark orb of night and radiant sunTheir annual circuits equally perform;Each, free from envy, to the other yieldsAlternately; thus day and night affordTheir services to man. Yet wilt not thouBe satisfied to keep an equal portionOf these domains, and to thy brother giveHis due. Where then is justice? Such respectAs sober reason disapproves, why payst thouTo empire, to oppression crowned with triumph?To be a public spectacle thou deemstWere honourable. Tis but empty pride.When thou hast much already, why submitTo toils unnumbered? Whats superfluous wealthBut a mere name? Sufficient to the wiseIs competence: for man possesses naughtWhich he can call his own. Though for a timeWhat bounty the indulgent gods bestowWe manage, they resume it at their will:Unstable riches vanish in a day.Should I to thee th alternative proposeEither to reign, or save thy native land,Couldst thou reply that thou hadst rather reign?But if he conquer, and the Argive spearsOerpower the squadrons who from Cadmus spring,Thou wilt behold Thebes taken, wilt beholdOur captive virgins ravished by the foe:That empire which thou seekst will prove the baneOf thy loved country; yet thou still persiststIn mischievous ambitions wild career.Thus far to thee. And now to you I speak,O Polynices; favours most unwiseAre those Adrastus hath on you bestowed,And with misjudging fury are you comeTo spread dire havoc oer your native land.If you (which may the righteous gods avert!)This city take, how will you rear the trophiesOf such a battle? How, when you have laidYour country waste, th initiatory ritesPerform, and slay the victims? On the banksOf Inachus displayed, with what inscriptionAdorn the spoilsFrom blazing Thebes these shieldsHath Polynices won, and to the godsDevoted? Never, O my son, through GreeceMay you obtain such glory. But if youAre vanquished and Eteocles prevail,To Argos, leaving the ensanguined fieldStrewn with unnumbered corses of the slain,How can you flee for succour? Twill be saidBy some malignant tongue: A curst allianceIs this which, O Adrastus, thou hast formed:We to the nuptials of one virgin oweOur ruin. You are hastening, O my son,Into a twofold mischief: losing allThat you attempt, and causing your brave friendsTo perish. O my son s, this wild excessOf rage, with joint occurrence, lay aside.By equal folly when two chiefs inspiredTo battle rush, dire mischief must ensue. We will write a custom essay on THE PHOENICIAN WOMEN specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

AN EXPLANATION OF DEATH CERTIFICATES essays

AN EXPLANATION OF DEATH CERTIFICATES essays AN EXPLANATION OF DEATH CERTIFICATES The cause of death may vary, depending on each observer's viewpoint of the situation. The trauma surgeon who is unsuccessful in controlling bleeding from a laceration in an auto crash victim might perceive hemorrhage as the cause of death. To the pathologist who conducts the autopsy, the cause of that person's death might be blunt force trauma. To an epidemiologist who studies mortality patterns, automobile accident might constitute the cause of death. Such varied viewpoints made it necessary for me to acquire knowledge in this area. The Coroner would formulate and put into words a cause of death for a death certificate, an autopsy report, or other medical documents using a format similar to the cause of death section on the death certificate and I transferred this information to the certificate. To foster a viewpoint of the cause of death, the Coroner has to maintain concepts and certain terms in a manner that is clear to all readers. The emphasis on definitions seemed excessive, but it was important to provide clarity regarding causes of death. Causes of death, whether appearing on death certificates or elsewhere, are collected and used by governmental, public health, or other agencies for scientific study, decision making, planning, legislative change, or research and public health funding prioritization. It was therefore important that cause of death determinations be approached consistently, and that cause of death statements be meaningful. Concepts, definitions, and instructions had to be designed to achieve such goals. The term cause of death is used in the specific context of the death certificate format for indicating why a person has died, whether the cause of death is actually written or spoken. When the Coroner indicated the cause of death on a death certificate and signed the certificate attesting to the cause of death he then became referred ...

Learn More about the Bright Star Sirius

Learn More about the Bright Star Sirius Sirius, also known as the Dog Star, is the brightest star in our night-time sky. Its also  the sixth closest star to Earth, at a distance of  8.6 light-years. (A light-year is the distance that light travels in a year). The name Sirius comes from the ancient Greek word for scorching and it has fascinated observers throughout human history because of its brightness and colorful twinkling. Astronomers began seriously studying Sirius in the 1800s, and continue to do so today. It is usually noted on star maps and charts as alpha Canis Majoris, the brightest star in the constellation Canis Major (the Big Dog).  Sirius is visible from most parts of the world (except for very northerly or southerly regions), and can sometimes be seen during the day if conditions are right.   The Science of Sirius The astronomer Edmond Halley observed Sirius in 1718 and determined its proper motion (that is, its actual motion through space). More than a century later, astronomer William Huggins measured the  actual velocity  of Sirius by taking a spectrum of its light, which revealed data about its speed. Further measurements showed that this star is actually moving toward the Sun at a velocity of about 7.6 kilometers per second.   Astronomers long suspected that Sirius might have a companion star. It would be hard to spot since Sirius itself is so bright. But, they kept looking for it. In 1844, F.W. Bessel used analysis of its motion to determine that Sirius really did have a companion. That discovery was finally confirmed by telescope observations in 1862. The companion is called Sirius B, and it is the first white dwarf  (an aged type of star) with a spectrum to show a gravitational redshift as predicted by the general theory of relativity.   There are stories floating around that some early civilizations saw this companion without the aid of a telescope. It would have been very hard to see unless the companion was very bright. So, its not clear what the ancients saw. However, current scientists are quite interested in learning more about Sirius A and B. More recent observations with Hubble Space Telescope have measured both of the stars, and revealed that Sirius B is only about the size of Earth, but has the mass close to that of the Sun.   Comparing Sirius Itself to the Sun Sirius A, which is what we see with the naked eye, is about twice as massive as our Sun. It is also 25 times more luminous than our star. Over time, and as it gets closer to the solar system in the far distant fugure, it will also increase in brightness. Thats part of its evolutionary path.  While our Sun is about 4.5 billion years old, Sirius A and B are thought to be no more than 300 million years old and so their story is yet to be told. Why is Sirius Called the Dog Star?   This star has earned the name Dog Star from an interesting time in Earths past. One reason its called that is that its the brightest star in Canis Major. However, theres a more interesting idea about its name: it was also incredibly important to stargazers in the ancient world for its prediction of seasonal change. For example, in the time of the Pharoahs in Egypt, people watched for Sirius to rise just before the Sun did. That marked the season when the Nile would flood, and bathe the nearby farms with mineral-rich silt.  The Egyptians made a ritual of looking for Sirius at the right time- it was that important to their society. The rumor goes that this time of year, typically late summer, came to be known as the Dog Days of summer, particularly in Greece, when people began looking for the Dog star just before sunrise. The Egyptians and Greeks werent the only ones interested in this star. Ocean-going explorers also used it as a celestial marker, helping them navigate around the worlds seas. For example, to the Polynesians, who have been accomplished navigators for centuries, Sirius was known as Aa and it was part of a complex set of navigational star lines the islanders used to voyage up and down the Pacific between Tahitian islands and Hawaii.   Today, Sirius is a favorite of stargazers, and enjoys many mentions in science fiction, song titles, and literature. It appears to twinkle madly, although thats really a function of its light passing through Earths atmosphere, particularly when the star is low on the horizon.      Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Nutrition assessment in older adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Nutrition assessment in older adults - Essay Example s defined as â€Å"faulty or inadequate nutritional status; undernouishment characterized by insufficient dietary intake; poor appetite, muscle wasting and weight loss† (Chen et al, 2001: 131). Malnutrition in the elderly can lead to disability, functional dependency, higher morbidity, mortality, immune dysfunction, greater demand for health care resources and reduced quality of life. Among hospitalized older adults there is also delayed recovery and increased complications (McCall & Cotton, 2001: 137). According to The National Service Framework for Older People in England and Wales, nutrition risk screening or assessment tools help to identify those with nutritional concerns, in order to develop appropriate nutrition care plans (DoH, 2001: 54). Without adequate interventions, malnutrition can cause a steady decline in the well-being, quality of life and life-expectancy of elderly individuals. The Research Statement: This paper proposes to study the requirement for nutritional assessment among older adults, compare and contrast two nutritional assessment strategies: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA); and evaluate how a nurse may utilise these tools to assess elderly patients. The lack of formalised and consistent nutritional assessment for older adults, along with the need to improve nursing knowledge has been recognized by the Senior Nurse and Midwifery Advisory Council (SNMAC 2001) in its audit of standards for older people (Bailey, 2006: 20). The author found from research that few nursing staff had received formal training in the specific nutritional needs of older people, and there was a lack of assessment and planned care. The need for systematic screening is emphasized because of compelling evidence that malnourishment is neither fully recognized nor treated in hospitals. Treating malnutrition can improve outcomes for hospitalized and unwell elderly individuals. Malnutrition and its debilitating outcomes

The Ethics of Research Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Ethics of Research - Article Example The research in the article followed an ethical context because the two authors gave credit to all the authors of the data that he relied on to construct the graphical analysis presented in the paper (Dolnicar & Leisch, 2014). Moreover, the authors maintained confidentiality by not revealing the names of the managers used to offer their opinion in the paper (Miller, 2012). Maintaining confidentiality is a central aspect in the ethics that govern research in any field. Notably, prior to conducting the research, the participants offered their consent, and the authors obtained permission from the relevant offices (Elliott, Stern, & Institute for the Study of Applied and Professional Ethics 2007). In my opinion, the authors did their best in observing all the ethical guidelines that have been defined to guide any form of research. It is evident that the authors have given credit to all the authors whose data has been used in the paper (Gregory, 2003). This only indicates that they observed the rigorous research process of research, while abiding by the defined ethical rules. Therefore, they succeeded in this sector (Miller, 2012). Elliott, D., Stern, J. E., & Institute for the Study of Applied and Professional Ethics. (1997).Research ethics: A reader. Hanover, NH: Published by University Press of New England for the Institute for the Study of Applied and Professional Ethics at Dartmouth

Product costing and cost accumulation in a batch production environment Essay Example for Free

Product costing and cost accumulation in a batch production environment Essay As production takes place, manufacturing costs are tracked in the Work-in-Process Inventory account. Every product is made up of three cost components: direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. After products are completed, the corresponding cost leaves the Work-in-Process account and is debited to the Finished-Goods account. (A merchandising firm buys its goods already completed and directly debits the items cost to Merchandise Inventory.) When units are sold, the Finished-Goods Inventory account is credited and Cost of Goods Sold is debited. A product-costing system must be adapted to match the environ ­ment in which it operates. A job-order costing system is used in an industry where products are made individually, or in relatively small batches, and one product or batch is readily distinguishable from the other. Candidates for job-costing systems would be custom homebuilding, custom printing, custom furniture construction, legal cases, medical cases, audits, and research projects. A process-costing system is employed in an environment at the other end of the continuum: the mass production of like units. Users might include manufacturers of chemicals, gasoline, and microchips. This topic is discussed fully in Chapter 4. 4.ACCUMULATING COSTS IN A JOB-ORDER COSTING SYSTEM A job-cost record is used to accumulate the actual direct materials, actual direct labor, and applied manufacturing overhead costs for each job. The recording of costs on this record and in the general ledger is triggered by various source docu ­ments. Material requisition forms authorize the transfer of direct materials from the warehouse to production. In many firms, the requisitions are based on a bill of materials that lists all of the materials (e.g., parts) needed. Supply chain—the flow of all goods, services, and information into and out of the organization. The supply chain often has ramifications for materials, as manufacturers work with vendors to achieve improved delivery schedules and reductions in material cost. Time records are used to gather the amount of direct labor worked on a specific job. Manufacturing overhead is entered on the job-cost record in the form of applied (i.e., estimated) overhead. Source documents, such as invoices for factory insurance and schedules for factory depreciation, trigger a general-ledger entry that debits the Manufacturing Overhead account. 5.OVERHEAD APPLICATION Overhead accounting involves a number of steps. Chapter 3 focuses on the final step: the application of overhead to jobs and products. Although overhead cannot be directly traced to the product, the use of an application rate should allocate an equitable amount of cost to each job (known as overhead application). Step 1: Set a predetermined overhead rate at the beginning of the accounting period. This is done by dividing the periods estimated (budgeted) overhead by the periods estimated number of cost-driver units. Step 2: Use the predetermined overhead rate to apply an equitable portion of overhead to each job. As the actual number of cost-driver units used on a job becomes known, it is multiplied by the predetermined overhead rate. Actual overhead costs incurred during the year are debited to the Manufacturing Overhead control account. In contrast, applied overhead is debited to Work-in-Process Inventory and credited to Manufacturing Overhead. The year-end difference between actual and applied amounts is known as over- or underapplied overhead. This figure is adjusted in the process of closing the Manufacturing Overhead account to zero by either: Charging or crediting the amount to cost of goods sold. This approach is acceptable if the over- or underapplication is small or if most of the products made during the period have been sold. Prorating the amount among work in process, finished goods, and cost of goods sold. Teaching Tip: Emphasize that under- and overapplied overhead is the difference between actual and applied overhead, not actual and budgeted overhead. The budgeted figure is used solely in the determination of the predetermined rate. 6. EXTENDED ILLUSTRATION OF JOB COSTING As noted earlier, the Work-in-Process Inventory account contains charges for direct materials used, direct labor, and applied manufacturing overhead. Period costs are expensed and not charged to Manufacturing Overhead. A sale requires two journal entries: one to record the sales revenue and another to transfer the goods cost from Finished-Goods Inventory to Cost of Goods Sold. Teaching Tip: Although the text illustration appears relatively complicated, it is simply presenting the details that accompany the flow of goods (and costs) from work in process, to finished goods, to cost of goods sold. 7.FINANCIAL SCHEDULES FOR MANAGERS The schedule of cost of goods manufactured details the activity in the Work-in-Process account (beginning balance, direct materials used, direct labor, applied overhead, and ending balance). The schedule of cost of goods sold details the activity in the Finished- Goods Inventory account. It is similar to the cost-of-goods-sold schedule as shown in financial accounting courses for merchandising companies, except the purchases amount is replaced with cost of goods manufactured. 8.FURTHER ASPECTS OF OVERHEAD APPLICATION Actual and normal costing Accountants prefer predetermined application rates, which are used in a normal-costing system. Such rates help to smooth product costs over time and allow users to cost products/jobs upon completion. In contrast, users of actual-costing systems derive an actual overhead rate at the end of the accounting period. Product-cost information to management is therefore delayed. Choosing an appropriate cost driver Direct labor has been a very common and appropriate cost driver. Past processes were labor intensive, and products incurring more labor often produced higher amounts of manufacturing overhead. Today, many processes are automated and less dependent on labor. Thus, firms now use machine hours, process time, throughput (cycle) time (the average amount of time to convert raw materials into finished goods), and other measures as cost drivers. Single vs. multiple overhead rates Companies commonly use multiple (rather than single) application rates. With computerized accounting systems, multiple rates are easily generated, thus lowering the cost of producing highly accurate information. A single overhead rate is commonly known as a plantwide rate; multiple rates are often known as departmental rates. Two-stage cost allocation Stage one: Overhead is first accumulated in production departments. This frequently requires the allocation of service department costs to production departments. Stage two: As a final step, production department costs are assigned to individual jobs and products via overhead application. 9.PROJECT COSTING Project costing refers to job costing in a nonmanufacturing environment. Jobs in this case refer to cases, contracts, and/or programs. Costing involves tracking the direct, easily traceable costs and subdividing them by project. Overhead is then applied by using a predetermined rate, with a possible application base being a projects direct professional labor cost. Technology such as bar coding may be used to track appropriate costs to projects, although this is just one of many possible applications. Service providers, along with manufacturers, are also making use of: Electronic data interchange (EDI), which involves the electronic transfer of information from one organization to another by using a computer-to-computer interface. Extensible markup language (XML), which is web-based and allows users to share structured data such as product order lists and price data. Teaching Overview I begin the topic of job costing by explaining that students should not expect to apply a so-called textbook system to any real-world company, because cost systems must be designed to meet a firms unique needs. However, the two traditional system models, job order and process costing, give users the ability to build-in various modifications for use in actual situations. The major difficulty that students encounter in job costing is the concept of manufacturing overhead. The first area needing clarifica ­tion is terminology, namely: Estimated = budgeted Applied = allocatedIncurred = actual The second area in need of clarification is the sequence of procedures for overhead application: calculating predeter ­mined overhead rates, using the rates, and adjusting the over ­- or underapplied amount. This problem stems from the fact that students are doing textbook assignments where all the information is given simultaneously. Therefore, the question arises, Why use an imperfect predetermined overhead rate when I have all the totally correct, actual data in the next paragraph? It is helpful to be on the lookout for this line of thinking when discussing homework assignments and to remind students how and when information becomes available in the real world. (I suspect this is a problem mainly for under ­graduates with limited work experience.) Based on many years of teaching, I also find that students struggle with the journal entries required to handle a sale. Two entries are needed: one to transfer the cost of units sold from finished goods to cost of goods sold; another is needed to record revenue. Students often forget one or the other or exhibit some creativity, creating a new account entitled Profit on Sale. Be sure to spend a few extra minutes with this issue. After the preceding issues have been handled, students generally are quite interested in job-costing concepts, particularly those who have worked in a family business or who plan to start their own business. Students are also interested in job costing in a service enterprise (discuss something as basic as the activities of a sports agent who represents clients across the country) and the impact of changing manufacturing techniques (such as the acquisition of new, state-of-the-art production technology) on product-costing procedures. I recommend Exercise 3-35 (manufacturing overhead) and Problem 3-46 (job costing and journal entries) as lecture demonstration problems.

Analysis of Birches Essay -- Robert Frost Birches Essays

Analysis of Birches  Ã‚   The discursive blank-verse meditation "Birches" does not center on a continuously encountered and revealing nature scene; rather, it builds a mosaic of thoughts from fragments of memory and fantasy. Its vividness and genial, bittersweet speculation help make it one of Frost's most popular poems, and because its shifts of metaphor and tone invite varying interpretation it has also received much critical discussion, not always admiring. The poem moves back and forth between two visual perspectives: birch trees as bent by boys' playful swinging and by ice storms, the thematic interweaving being somewhat puzzling. The birches bent "across the lines of straighter darker trees" subtly introduce the theme of imagination and will opposing darker realities. Then, almost a third of the poem describes how ice storms bend these trees permanently, unlike the action of boys; this scene combines images of beauty and of distortion. Ice shells suggest radiating light and color, and the trees bowed to the level of the bracken, suggest suffering, which is immediately lighte...

Comparing Levels of Development Between Japan and Brazil

Comparing Levels of Development between Japan and Brazil Within this assessment, I will cover and compare several factors between the development of Japan and the development of Brazil. Japan is a MEDC, which is a More Economically Developed Country and Brazil is an LEDC, a Less Economically Developed Country. The indicators I am about to compare and expand on include a range of factors, from the likes of Population to Area. First of all, Population. There are around 127. 5 million people living in Japan at the moment, compared to Brazil which has a population of just fewer than 194 million people. Population has a big effect on the development of both countries and in fact the majority of the countries in the world because, if a population increases then there are more people to get involved in industry and manufacture. Therefore, more products can be invented or advanced meaning more will be sold to other countries turning in more money for the countries economy. My second indicator is to do with the Environment, more specifically CO? emissions. In Japan the figure is 9. 8 metric tonnes of Carbon Dioxide per capita or person and in Brazil the current figure stands at around just 1. metric tonnes of CO? per capita. This effects the development of the countries because often the effects of bad environmental factors and cause many people to get ill or even die. If people die, this affects the amount of people in industry. The next indicator is Literacy. In Japan, the adult literacy rate (aged 15 and above) is 99% of the population and the same rate for either male or women. Wher eas in Brazil the rate of adult literacy is 88. 6% of the total population. 88. 4% of males and 88. 8% of females. Literacy is important no matter where you come from and the more people literate in a country the more likely the country is to survive and develop because if people are illiterate, they won’t get very far in industry. For instance, signing contracts or cheques are assets required to survive in industry so literacy is regarded as essential in today’s world. The fourth indicator is Transportation, in particular, airports and ports. Japan has 10 key ports in Chiba, Kawasaki, Kobe, Osaka, Tokyo, Moji, Nagoya, Tomakomai, and Mizushima, Yohohama. Also, Japan has a total of 144 airports. 38% of them with paved runways measuring 0-1500m, 57% of their paved runways measure 1501-3000m and 5% of the runways are 3000m or greater. In Brazil there are 7 key ports: Guaiba, Ilha Grande, Paranagua, Rio Grande, Santos, Sao Sebastiao and Tubarao. With regards to the airports, there are over 23 times the amount of airports in Brazil than there are in Japan. There are 3346 airports. 1642 of these airport’s paved runways are less than 914m, 1617 are 914m to 1523m and 87 are 1524m to 2437m. They are 49%, 48% and 3% respectively. The amounts of airports and ports effects the development of a country to a very large extent as industry is where the majority of a countries income comes from industry and without anywhere to import products there would be near to no industry apart from the industry based in Japan. My fifth indicator is another transport based one. Motor powered vehicles per 1000 people. The figure for Japan is 595 per 1000 people and in Brazil it’s 198 people per 1000 that own motor vehicles 198 people. It’s relatively clear that a motor vehicle is quite an essential aspect of life and without any means of transport then life would be very difficult to make industry and development work. My penultimate indicator is birth rate. The birth rate in Brazil is 16 people per 1000 and in Japan, the figure stands at just 9 births per 1000 people. A birth rate is key to development because it all links in with development and the higher the birth rate, the higher the population, the higher the amount of people helping working in the development of their country whether it be in industry or just the development or life. Finally, my last indicator is infant mortality. In Brazil, the mortality rate 22. 58 deaths per 1000 live births with 26. 16 deaths out of 1000 male live births and 18. 83 deaths out of 1000 female live births. In Japan, the rate is much lower. Their figure is 2. 79 deaths out of 1000 live births and that’s 2. 99 out 1000 male live births and 2. 58 deaths out of 1000 live female births. The large difference in these figures shows that Japan is by far more developed than Brazil as the quality of living conditions in Japan are far better than in Brazil as there is less disease to cause deaths. By Conor Thompson

Adult essay

Introduction There are some people who graduate from high school and go directly to work, and there are others who go directly to college after high school. Jack was one of many people that went directly to work after high school. He felt like going to school was a waste of time. After working in the factory for four years he was promoted to a manager. Jack felt like he was on top of the world. Ten years after being promoted, he learned that the factory was about to close down. Now Jack was about to lose everything†¦ his job, his house, and his car.What would he to do now. Jack is not the only person to have lost his job. Many people every day lose their job and have no idea what to do next. They may lose their job due to the business closing down because of bankruptcy, or because the job is relocating overseas. There are also some people who simply just want a change of employment as well as career path. There are many of people going to college for their own personal reasons. They may have been fired, laid off, or just wanted to do something other than what they were already doing career wise.Adults who receive more life experience before going to college are known as adult learners. Most adult learners find it hard to adjust to college classes, after having been in the working environment! Kenner and Weinerman explains that working before college may affect a student’s critical foundations. While dealing with adult learners, an instructor may have a harder time planning assignments for adult learners. The college instructor may need to receive knowledge about their adult learning students’ background to understand how to assign their assignment.Also by knowing the background of the adult learner, the instructor can better know which persons might need extra help and which students may not. People can have fun while learning. Some people can learn different and new things about life through skills learned, as well as used when playing video games. It had been shown that people have learned just by playing games. Learning from playing video games can increase a person actives and engagement. â€Å"One of the advantages of using certain types of computer game in education is their ability, for many learners, to engender engagement and motivation, which contributes to effective learning.Adult Learning Kenner’s and Weinerman’s report says organizational development is necessary to help an employee gain more knowledge in their job field. They both say that Knowles discussed the four different stages of adult learning. The four stages are: †¢A. self directed, taking responsibility for their own actions, and resisting having information arbitrarily imposed on them. †¢B. an extensive depth of experience, which serves as a critical component in the foundation of their self identity. †¢C. being ready to learn.As most adult learners return to college voluntarily, they are likely to actively engage i n the learning process. †¢D. being task motivated. Adult students returning to college attend for a specific goal and the primary component of their motivational drive tends to be internal† (Knowles, 1984). The veterans have it harder than other adult learners. Veterans who may have been in active duty during war time have seen more things than the average person has seen. Most veterans can’t separate the difference from military life, school life, and life in general, after they’ve been in active duty in the military.Tacit theory, informal theory, and formal theory, are three of the ways that a person can design their own learning, stated by Schraw and Moshman (1995). The in classroom studies is a form of tacit and in formal theory. As of formal theory, the method of study is very hardly use of study, from the article of Kenner and Weinerman (Spring 2011). Game Engagement Theory It been said that video games can help a person in the learning experience in l ife. Researchers and practitioners in the field of game-based learning often assume that computer games are intrinsically motivational for most, if not all, people (e. . , Oblinger, 2004; Prensky, 2001). The U. K. is planning to make learning fun by using the video games from the report of Whitton. â€Å"The factors that the theory describes are the following: †¢1. A challenge that requires skill to achieve with an attainable goal and know rules †¢2. Complete absorption in the activity †¢3. Clear goals †¢4. Immediate feedback †¢5. Concentration on the task in hand †¢6. A sense of control, lacking the sense of worry about losing control †¢7. Loss of self-consciousness †¢8. Transformation of time† (Whitton 2011).There are two types of theories dealing with a basic model of learning games. The two theories are flow theories and the theory of androgogy. Flow theories are a part of the component. It types of engagement that can be engage in a level of the state of flow, from Csikszentmihalyi (1992). The means of having a different style of learn of a younger learner is known as the theory of androgogy. Conclusion In conclusion, adult learners have a hard time get back into, as well as adjusting to, the school environment than the traditional college students.When a person has been working numerous years and then decides to return to the school environment, it often is more difficult to adjust to forming a new train of thought. An adult learner may get so used to doing the things a certain way while in the working environment that they lose the ability for critical thinking. Learning can be fun sometimes. A person can learn also from playing video games. Some people may learn one thing while others learn something completely different from the same video game. Reflection I am an adult learner and can relate to what has been posted as well as what I have read.At times it is hard for me to get all my assignment in on time , but I am trying the best that I can. Sometimes it’s hard for me to understand what the instructor is asking me to do and what is required in the assignment for the week. Its major articles in my life they will have me pull from my studies. Things like working (need to make money to pay bills and to survive), family (need to give and receive family support in life), and other personally business. Life from adult living is hard, but to add going to school is harder on somebody like me.With the time I have in my life, I don’t have the time to sit in a classroom setting so I went a different route and taking online classing. I do agree that some things can be learned by games and some things can’t. It shows the basics about how life can or can’t be and how life should or shouldn’t be. Over all learning can be fun at times even that it may be applied to video games. REFERENCES Cari Kenner and Jason Weinerman (Spring 2011). Adult Learning Theory: appli cations to non-traditional college students. www. crla. net Nicola Whitton1 (2011). Game Engagement Theory and Adult Learning. www. sagepub. com/journalsPermissions. nav

Children and exposure to the real world

Children and exposure to the real world In his article â€Å"school is bad for children†, John Holt proffers his opinion that is formed from a very different angle altogether, on the issue of the present form of education as a virtue to children. The author curtly implies that the present mode of learning for young members of society would be more effective were it to undergo radical changes that would see it undergo total transformation if his suggestions are to be actually followed. Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Children and exposure to the real world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More John Holt states that children would be much better off learning the ways of the world through practical experience rather than sitting in a classroom which he calls â€Å"brick boxes†. The author states that by taking school children out into the world, more specifically to courtrooms, libraries, museums, radio stations et cetera, they would earn more hands-on experience that would enable them handle real life situations as this is what they would have encountered. Conversely, the author also states that what a child learns in the period before they go to school is already a start in education that should be kept up since whatever they may learn later in school may not be of any help, the truth is that home learning and formal learning are two different aspects in that, at home the child only learns what they come across while in school the child will be exposed to a much wider variety of matters that may very well relate to issues that concern the world as a whole and may help in the future in cases where the child grows up and has to relocate to distant regions for instance to work. According to Kirszner and Mandell (2010), we should abolish the fixed, required curriculum. People remember only what is interesting and useful to them, what helps them make sense of the world, or helps them get along in it. All else they fo rget quickly (Kirszner Mandell, 2010). This is not true since if applied to children, they will need guidelines how they may live their lives in this world and this is offered through the curriculum which manages to cover diverse topics. Another issue that Holt overlooks is the fact that people have diverse interests which may not be necessarily accessible to them in his ideal world, for example, if a child is really good at issues relating to wildlife and the environment yet he is brought up in New York, and at the same time another is very good at statistics or mathematics which he can apply very well in the NYSE or NASA and yet he lives in Kenya or Mozambique, exposure to formal education would ensure each child pursues his passion thus living a full life unlike if they were each to learn from what they come across or are home schooled. The benefits of school are much spicier compared to if they went visiting their respective environs as the author states. As much as John Hol t states that youngsters want to make sense of the world and other people as well as themselves, as being the most important aspect of youth, it is only right to point out that without due guidance and support as well as counseling and helping in career choice in the name of curriculum, children will surely be lost to the ways of the world since they may make the wrong decisions all in the name of â€Å"letting them make sense of the world†. Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another aspect that is overlooked in the article is the fact that parents, too, have a role to play in shaping their children’s lives since they are ultimately the ones responsible for bringing the child into this world. This is depicted when the author observes that a child is harassed, taught to be indifferent, that he learns that to be wrong and confused is a crime etc. This i s not completely accurate since the parents, assuming they are there, also play a vital role in the child’s life by encouraging and giving the child the right advice and moral support regarding school and how to go about hardships that they may encounter. Therefore, with the right attitude, the child is able to appreciate all the giving’s of school and life at school in general thus reaping maximum benefits. The author gives an example of an older child helping a much younger one with reading and in the process improves his own reading skills. This may be true but all in all, without the curriculum, the teacher and the school, the older child would not have the reading skills that he already has and thus would not help the younger child. In a synopsis, we can say that the period before school and the period after school is part of the grand plan of life that is linked by the vital aspect of school which plays a vital role in curving an individual’s lifetime. Conversely, they all are heavily reliant on one other since one without the other is like a headless body and they all play important parts in modeling one other. Therefore, if we were to reject the idea of school and let youngsters learn on their own, the impact would reveal diverse consequences. Reference Kirszner, G. L., Mandell, R. S. (2010). The blair reader: Exploring issues and ideas (7th ed.). London: Longman.

300 Movie

The film I chose to evaluate is the fantasy action film, â€Å"300. † 300 is a fictional retelling of the Battle of Thermopylae, in which the Greeks tried to hold off an invasion of the Persian Empire. The author’s message, from a leadership perspective, shows what a group of soldier would do for their king and how they inspire a country. A number of scenes from the film will depict that King Leonidas is a great leader with great conviction for what he believes in. Leonidas has many great leadership traits. Leonidas has all the traits a good leader needs. He has intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability. Even though Leonidas has assigned leadership, he also has emergent leadership. He is appointed king only after he has been tested by the rigorous traditional Spartan initiations into adulthood. After being inspected at birth to see if he was worthy of being a Sparta, Leonidas was thrown into the wild at the age of 7 and left to survive. Leonidas came back alive to prove to his father, and his people that he is capable to be their king. As king, Leonidas command legitimate, coercive, and reward power like his counterpart, Xerxes of Persia. But Leonidas also has referent power that Xerxes does not. Leonidas’ soldiers liked him and would die for him. Xerces’ army was made up of slaves and beasts that fear for their lives. They are forced to fight, and when they fail, Xerxes becomes enraged and beheads them. Leonidas’ leadership style is both directive and supportive. He gave specific instructions on how to battle against the overwhelming Persian Army and he also engages in combat with his army. After a victory he praises his soldier for their bravery and courage. He respects and acknowledges each soldier’s effort in the battles. Leonidas has high task and high relationship behavior with his army. Leonidas faced many challenges throughout the movie. One example was in the beginning, when the Persian messenger came to Leonidas and gave him Xerxes’ ultimatum. He had a difficult decision to make. His decision would impact the whole nation. Should he give in to the Persian army or should he declare war? As he ponders his answer, he looked at his people, their children, and his wife. He thought about his Spartan heritage and values. Spartans don’t surrender or fear anything. Acting according to authentic leadership defined, he lead by kicking the Persian messenger into the well. His actions show his people that he would not let anyone invade the empire, no matter the opposition. He showed them that his leadership is genuine and he would not coward even if he is greatly outmatched. Leonidas is a perfect leader for the situations in the film. In battle, a leader must have authoritative powers. He must have loyalty and attraction of his soldiers. He must also have highly structured strategic plans for his soldiers. The phalanx formation the Spartans use requires the soldiers to fight as one to be strong. The contingency theory of leadership would define Leonidas as being in a very favorable situation. In a favorable situation, the leader and followers will be effective. As seen through most of the film, Leonidas and his soldiers were victorious in all their battles until they were out flanked by the Persians at the end. Leonidas has good dyadic relationships with his men. He and his Captain, Artemis fought alongside each other when they were young. He also develops mutual trust and respect from Artemis and his soldiers, how could he of convince the 300 men to fight the whole Persian army. He knows that each man is a soldier and that they have heirs at home. They are also proud to fight alongside Leonidas. He doesn’t enlist them and take them to war. It is evident when he met up with the Arcadians. When the Arcadian General, Daxos ridicule Leonidas about how few men he brought to the war front, Leonidas asked three Arcadians for their profession. They responded with Potter, Sculptor, and Blacksmith. Leonidas then turns to his soldiers and asked them. They responded with supporting and confident grunts of courage for their leader. According to the Leader-Member Exchange Theory, leadership is a process that is centered on interactions between the leader and his followers. By having high-quality leader-member exchanges with his men, Leonidas is able to have positive performances and commitment from his men and be victorious in the battles. Leonidas was also able to lead through transformational leadership. Transformational leadership brings about positive change to the leader and to those who follow. Leonidas headed into an unfavorable war courageously so that his people may remain free. After multiple attacks on the Spartans had fail, Xerxes call for an audience with Leonidas. He offered Leonidas royalties if he put down his arms and be Xerxes’ general. But Leonidas thought of his people and his kingdom. His people would have to serve the Persians and if he surrendered, how could he answer to his ancestors. By surrendering he would not be a true Spartan. Leonidas kept his honor and brushed off Xerxes. He thought about his followers before himself. By doing this, even in death Leonidas was able to inspire and stimulate the Greek country to collaborate and fend off the Persian Invasion. In conclusion, Leonidas is a good leader as depicted in the film. He has a broad range of leadership skills and traits, but I believe Leonidas is best at leading with transformational leadership. His charisma strongly warrants him to lead through transformational leadership and given the situations of the film, Leonidas is best to use transformational leadership. Also, the message the film entitles is that one great man or nation can inspire a whole country to stand as one and unite towards a common goal.

Australian contract law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian contract law - Research Paper Example Subsequently however, Big Oil Ltd transferred its ownership to an associated company, Best Oil Ltd, in which it has 40% interest and the Portland Council reacted by withdrawing the 50% concession earlier agreed. The issue here is whether or not the Council of Portland is bound by the agreement between Big Oil Ltd and the Victorian Government with respect to the prerogative of Big Oil Ltd to transfer its ownership to another company in which it has at least 40% interest. Under the law, only the parties to a contract have the right to enforce its terms and be conferred a right or be obligated under it.1 This is referred to as the principle of the privity of contracts, which was first established in Australia in the case of Tweedle v Atkinson.2 A strict application of this doctrine in the herein case would mean that Best Oil Ltd cannot enforce the 50% rating concession as against the Council considering that it was not a party to the contract between Big Oil Ltd and the Council of Portland. It is with respect to that contract only a third party. Nonetheless, the doctrine of privity is not a cut-and-dried rule the way recent cases have allowed exceptions to it. In Trident General Insurance Co Ltd v McNiece Bros Pty Ltd, 3 for example, the High Court allowed a third party in an insurance contract to claim against the insurer, but this is because a corresponding provision in the insurance law specifically grants this right.45 However, the privity doctrine is still enforced in the Australian legal jurisdiction and it is not clear under what particular exception Best Oil Co can invoke it. Best Oil’s argument is that it has a right to the 50% rating concession by reason of an implied term because of the stipulation under the contract with the Victorian Government allowing it to transfer its interest to a company in which it has at least 40% interest in. On the other hand, the Portland Council also invoked implied term in terminating